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. 2019 Oct 8;25(10):2313–2329. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0539-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Interneuron subtype-specific effects of maternal inflammation. a–f Maternal inflammation resulted in a decreased density of PV and SST expressing interneurons at P15 but not at P60. Panels show representative images from P15 (a) and P60 (b). A significant decrease in PV+ interneurons could be seen in L4, while the difference was more pronounced in L2-4 for SST+ interneurons (c, d) (n = 8 and 7 for PBS and poly I:C, respectively). An appreciable but not statistically significant decrease could be seen at P60 (e, f). g–j Reciprocal changes in PV expression between P15 and P60 due to maternal inflammation. At P15, PV+ interneurons in both motor, and somatosensory cortical regions in maternal inflammation-exposed animals showed an increased expression of PV (h) (n = 8 and 7 for PBS and poly I:C, respectively) measured by the signal intensity in immunolabeled images (g). By P60 (i), this effect had reversed and instead a decreased expression was observed in both motor and somatosensory cortical regions (j) (n = 6 each). Statistical analysis by t-test with Holm–Sidak correction for multiple comparison in c–f, h, and j (mean ± SEM are shown, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005). Scale bars: 50 µm (a, b)