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. 2020 Aug 2;57(11):4467–4487. doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-02042-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Immuno-gold electron microscopy of TSPO in primary microglia. a Immuno-gold electron microscopy of TSPO in vehicle-treated microglia confirms a high level of TSPO expression in mitochondria (yellow stars). Black dots = TSPO. b TSPO expression in microglia activated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 18 h. There is an apparent increase in TSPO expression. TSPO labeling is seen at the mitochondria, as well as other subcellular compartments including at or just below the plasma membrane (black arrows). c High magnification imaging of TSPO expression in non-activated microglia indicates TSPO localization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and at the mitochondria-associated ER membrane or MAM (black arrows). N = nucleus; M = mitochondria; ER = endoplasmic reticulum. d High magnification imaging of TSPO expression in non-activated microglia shows TSPO localization at the ER (yellow triangles) and at or just below the plasma membrane (black arrows)