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. 2020 Sep 24;10:15718. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72954-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of background luminance on pupillary responses induced by emotion and saccade preparation. (A) Difference between pupillary responses evoked by negative valence stimuli with dark and bright backgrounds (dark minus bright pupil size) (n = 21). (B) Difference between pupillary responses related to anti-saccade preparation with dark and bright backgrounds (dark minus bright pupil size) (n = 21). (C) Mean participant differences in pupil size between dark and bright backgrounds (dark minus bright pupil size) related to emotion and saccade preparation (emotion: 2000—6000 ms; saccade preparation: 1300–1400 ms). In (A,B), the shaded regions surrounding the pupillary response curves represent the ± standard error range (across participants). The black bar on the x-axis indicates the time line at which differences between the dark and bright conditions were statistically deviated from zero (P < 0.05).