Table 2.

Characteristics of studies identified in systematics search.^a

Study\country	Intervention duration, mode of delivery	Sample size (N), participant age	Intervention behavior change curricula	Cluster label	Behavior change techniques	Usage metrics
Funk et al., 2010 United States	Duration: 30 months Mode of delivery: Online	N = 348, 55.7 years (SD 8.5)	•Self-monitoring weight, diet, PA, and weight-loss activities •Reinforcement of behavioral self-management •Developing new self-managing skills •Increasing self-efficacy •Providing innovative content to encourage long term use of website •Social support	•(8) Feedback and monitoring •(1) Scheduled consequences •(15) Shaping knowledge •(14) Identity •(9) Goals and planning	•Feedback on behavior [2.2] •Others monitoring with awareness [2.1 and 2.5] •Self-monitoring of behavior [2.3] •Self-monitoring of outcome behavior [2.4] •Instruction on how to perform a behavior [4.1] •Differential reinforcement [14.8] •Self-affirmation [13.4] •Identity associated with changed behavior [13.5] •Action planning (including implementation intention) [1.4] •Commitment [1.9] •Discrepancy between current behavior and goal standard [1.6] •Goal setting (behavior) [1.1] •Review behavior goal(s) [1.5] •Review of outcome goal(s) [1.7]	total logins: 107 (range 52, 143) Total time on website: 433 (range 236, 792) Use of online tools •Weight entry: 104 (range 51, 130) •Exercise entry: 124 (range 32, 376) Forum visits • Messages read: 54 (range 14, 152) • Posts made: 1 (range 0, 4)
Hurling et al., 2006 United Kingdom	Duration: 10-weeks Mode of delivery: Online	N = 75, 35 years (range 23–54)	•Comparison of weekly exercise with self and group •Identifying exercise barriers and determining solutions •Selection of motivating exercise benefits •Diary sheets to plan weekly exercise •Motivational tips •Exercise session reminders sent via email or SMS	•(3) Repetition and substitution •(8) Feedback and monitoring •(9) Goals and planning •(11) Comparison of behavior	•Habit formation [8.3] •Feedback on behavior [2.2] •Self-monitoring of behavior [2.3] •Self-monitoring of outcome behavior [2.4] •Other(s) monitoring with awareness [2.1 and 2.5] •Action planning (including implementation intentions) [1.4] •Commitment [1.9] •Goal setting (behavior) [1.1] •Discrepancy between current behavior and goal standard [1.6] •Modeling of behavior [6.1]	Login frequency per week: 1.4 times
Maher et al., 2015 Australia	Duration: 50 days Mode of delivery: Mobile	N = 110, 35.6 years (SD 12.4)	•Facebook app •Pedometer tracking •Teams with friends •Personalized monitoring of progress, awards, and gifts •Message board for team members to communicate •Personally, tailored emails of progresses	•(2) Reward and threat •(8) Feedback and monitoring •(9) Goals and planning •(10) Social support	•Material reward [10.2] •Feedback on behavior [2.2] •Self-monitoring of behavior [2.3] •Self-monitoring of outcome behavior [2.4] •Others monitoring with awareness [2.1 and 2.5] •Commitment [1.9] •Goal setting (outcome) [1.3] •Goal setting (behavior) [1.3] •Social support (general) [3.1]	Total logins: 18 (SD 13.3; range 0, 46) Use of online tools •Gifts sent: 4.8 (SD 6.3; range 0, 27) •Discussion posts: 2.7 (SD 3.4; range 0, 13)
Patrick et al., 2011 United States	Duration: 12 months Mode of delivery: Online	N = 441, 43.9 years (SD 8.0)	•Pedometer tracking •Weekly goals “to do” list •Individualized feedback on progress •Frequent re-assessment of health behaviors •Skill-building tools related to PA and dietary changes •Goal setting and reporting page •Case manager calls with participants	•(8) Feedback and monitoring •(15) Shaping knowledge •(9) Goals and planning •(10) Social support	•Self-monitoring of behavior [2.3] •Self-monitoring of outcome behavior [2.4] •Feedback on behavior [2.2] •Others monitoring with awareness [2.1 and 2.5] •Instruction on how to perform a behavior [4.1] •Goal setting (outcome) [1.3] •Goal setting (behavior) [1.3] •Review of behavior goals [1.5] •Review of outcome goals [1.7] •Social support (general) [3.1]	Login frequency: 23.4 weeks (SD 16.7)
Wilson et al., 2019 United States	Duration: 16 weeks Mode of delivery: in person and online	N = 125 families, children's' ages: 11–16	•Tailored feedback on parenting ability to assist with adolescent weight loss •Program matched to parents' cultural views •Calorie goals for adolescent •Behavioral assessment of adolescent •Feedback of parenting success and areas for improvement •Weight-related behavior sessions	•(8) Feedback and monitoring •(9) Goals and planning •(15) Shaping knowledge	•Feedback on behavior [2.2] •Self-monitoring of behavior [2.3] •Self-monitoring of outcome behavior [2.4] •Other(s) monitoring with awareness [2.1 and 2.5] •Goal setting (outcome) [1.3] •Goal setting (behavior) [1.3] •Review of behavior goals [1.5] •Review of outcome goals [1.7] •Instruction on how to perform a behavior [4.1]	Percent of content accessed: 4.28 of 8 sessions (SD 3.01) Login duration: 12.99 min (SD 11.63) PA content exposure: 25.4% Repeat exposure: 7.5%

^aBehavior change content based on Michie et al. (2013) cluster analysis of behavioral change techniques.