Table 3.

A review of selected studies and meta-analyses examining obesity as a risk factor for the development of GBM

Reference	Study Location and Time	Subjects	Risk Estimate (95% CI)	Included in Dai et al13?	Included in Niedermaier et al31?	Included in Sergentanis et al34?
Benson et al (2008)33	United Kingdom 1996–2001	N = 646 women with diagnosis of glioma and 1 249 670 population controls	1.07 (0.84–1.34)1	X	X	X
Cabaniols et al (2011)34	France 2005	N = 122 men and women with diagnosis of glioma and 122 hospital controls	0.70 (0.41–1.18)2		X	X
Edlinger et al (2012)28	Sweden, Austria, and Norway 1972–2006	N = 436 men and women with diagnosis of high-grade glioma and 580 000 population controls	1.03 (0.85–1.26)3			X
Jones et al (2010)29	United States, 1991–2008	N = 1259 men and women with diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme	1.08 (0.91 –1.28)3	X
Little et al (2013)35	United States 2004–2012	N = 1111 men and women with diagnosis of glioma and 1096 community controls	1.06 (0.70–1.60)2			X
Michaud et al (2011)36	Europe 1992–2000	N = 340 men and women with diagnosis of glioma and 380 775 community controls	1.06 (0.76–1.48)3	X	X	X
Moore et al (2009)37	United States 1995–2003	N = 257 men and women with diagnosis of glioma and 305 681 controls	1.29 (0.89–1.86)1	X	X	X
Siegel et al (2003)16	United States 2005–2012	N = 853 men and women with diagnosis of high-grade glioma	1.24 (1.00–1.54)3	X
Wiedmann et al (2017)38	Norway 1984–2008	N = 148 men and women with diagnosis of glioma and 74 242 population controls	1.04 (0.58–1.85)3	X		X

¹RR, relative risk; ²OR, odds ratio; ³HR, hazard ratio.