Table 3.

Comparing pathogens in AAV and the general population

Infection typea	AAV (n = 379), n (%)	Control (n = 1859), n (%)	P for χ2 test	IRR (95% CI)	P for IRR	Adjusted IRRc (95% CI)	P for IRRc
Escherichia	63 (16.6)	102 (5.5)	<0.0001	4.9 (3.2, 7.5)	<0.0001	4.3 (2.7, 6.9)	<0.0001
Staphylococcus	49 (12.9)	64 (3.4)	<0.0001	5.1 (3.1, 8.5)	<0.0001	5.0 (3.3, 7.5)	<0.0001
Klebsiella	26 (6.9	34 (1.8)	<0.0001	4.9 (1.7, 14.1)	0.003	4.7 (2.1, 10.6)	<0.0001
Haemophilus	23 (6.1)	30 (1.6)	<0.0001	4.3 (2.3, 8.1)	<0.0001	5.7 (3.3, 10.0)	<0.0001
Streptococcus	20 (5.3)	29 (1.6)	<0.0001	4.8 (2.7, 8.8)	<0.0001	5.5 (3.2 ,9.3)	<0.0001
Enterococcus	19 (5.0)	41 (2.2)	0.002	5.3 (2.2, 12.4)	<0.0001	6.8 (2.9, 16.0)	<0.0001
Candida	9 (2.4)	12 (0.7)	0.001	11.4 (2.4, 55.4)	0.002	NA	NA
Enterobacter	8 (2.1)	7 (0.4)	<0.0001	5.2 (2.0, 14.0)	0.001	NA	NA
Herpes b	7 (1.9)	<5 (<0.3)*	<0.0001	12.5 (3.7, 42.6)	<0.0001	NA	NA
Pseudomonas	7 (1.9)	7 (0.4)	0.001	2.0 (0.5, 7.6)	0.326	NA	NA
Citrobacter	6 (1.6)	<5 (<0.3)*	<0.0001	4.8 (1.4, 16.7)	0.014	NA	NA
Clostridium	6 (1.6)	<5 (<0.3)*	<0.0001	9.2 (2.7, 30.7)	<0.0001	NA	NA
Campylobacter	5 (1.3)	7 (0.4)	0.022	3.4 (1.6, 7.2)	0.002	NA	NA
Mycobacterium	5 (1.3)	6 (0.3)	0.011	3.8 (0.8, 17.8)	0.091	NA	NA

^aInfection types were determined using genus only. Therefore it is not possible to distinguish between different types of infections of the same genus, e.g. herpes simplex virus infections vs herpes zoster virus infections.

^bIncludes all herpes viruses.

^cAdjusted for age at index, sex and health board of residence. Infection types are ordered from most to least common infections in AAV.

^*Cell values <5 suppressed in accordance with statistical disclosure process to preserve patient confidentiality.

NA: model adjustment was not applicable due to small numbers.