Figure 2.

Schematic diagram of the pharmacodynamics of various proposed therapeutic interventions for endothelial damage prophylaxis. These agents can inhibit deleterious pathways upstream of endothelial cell dysfunction, potentially preventing the maternal clinical manifestations associated with pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Created with BioRender.com. EV, extracellular vesicle; ROS, reactive oxygen species; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NEK7, NIMA related kinase 7; NLRP3, NOD-; LRR,- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; BHB, beta-hydroxybutyrate; IL, interleukin; AGE, advanced glycation end products; RAGE, receptor for AGE.