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. 2020 Sep 25;160(1):287–301.e20. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.029

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© 2021 by the AGA Institute.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Molecular genes associated with IBD inflammation overlap with genes responsive to COVID-19 infection in lung cell model and whole blood. (A) Boxplot of the overall activity of COVID-19–responsive genes (up-regulated) as determined in A549 (top) or NHBE (bottom) lung epithelial cell models²² in the MSCCR biopsy samples using GSVA. Box plots summarize the mean expression (± SEM) of the 2 signatures (SF11 and sample sizes in Supplementary Table 4, ∗∗∗P < .001). (B) Box plot summarizing the expression of the COVID-19 blood signature (up-regulated genes)²² in the blood transcriptome data of the MSCCR showing association between IBD disease (left) and clinical severity (right) (SF11). (C) Three NHBE-COVID-19– and 3 IBD-Inf–associated subnetworks were generated one each for ileum CD, colon UC, and colon CD BGRNs (Supplementary Tables 17 and 18). The 3 ileum-associated CD networks are shown for example. Venn diagrams of the overlap in subnetwork genes including the fold enrichment (FE) and a P value of the enrichment test are shown. Using the BGRN drug response, subnetworks were generated (see supplementary methods) for infliximab and ustekinumab response genes. The bar graph summarizes the FE for the overlaps between the drug response and the (1) COVID-19 subnetworks; (2) IBD inflammation subnetworks, or (3) the intersecting nodes between COVID-19 and IBD-Inf subnetworks. A full table of network nodes and enrichment results can be found in Supplementary Tables 23 and 24. (D) The 3 sets of genes in the intersecting subnetworks from (C) were interrogated for enrichment in the Reactome database. Heatmap depicting the FE in pathways (BH adj P < .1 and minimum 5-fold enrichment, Supplementary Table 19). (E) Expression of a molecular signature consisting of genes responsive to COVID-19 infection as determined in blood transcriptome data from adult patients with IBD with CD (CERTIFI cohort). (Top) Estimated marginal means (mean ± SEM) for the activity (GSVA scores) of the COVID-19 blood signature²² on the blood transcriptome of CERTIFI patients with CD at baseline and after weeks 4 to 22 of treatment with ustekinumab or placebo. (Bottom) Ustekinumab-induced changes in COVID-19 blood signature between week 6 responders and nonresponders (defined as change in CDAI). P values denote significance of each time point compared with screening visit ∗P < .1, ∗∗P < .05, ∗∗∗P < .01.