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. 2020 Sep 25;36(11):1365–1378. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.006

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Microbial adhesion of S. Aureus and E. Coli on nanorough titanium (2D nanomaterial). The microbial surface coverage depends on the nanoroughness and the type of microbe (shown left). The adhesion of the microbes is mediated by nano contact points between the titanium and the microbes (shown in the center, SEM-FIB micrograph). In addition to the nanoroughness, the surface peak density of the titanium plays an important role in the microbial adhesion.