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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Atmos Environ (1994). 2020 Sep 15;237:117724. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117724

Table 3.

Average winter season PM2.5 mass (μg/m3) for PMF factors, PM2.5, and major chemical components from 2015 – 2017.

PMF Factor Names Seattle, WA Tacoma, WA Yakima, WA Portland, OR Butte, MT Boise, ID Bountiful, UT Salt Lake City, UT Lindon, UT
Fresh Wood Smoke 0.43 3.53 1.09 0.88 3.43 2.45 0.05 0.37
Aged Wood Smoke 0.31 0.34 1.22 0.57 3.16 1.48 0.74 0.50
Soil / Dust 0.23 0.32 0.11 0.99 0.61 0.47 0.67
Gas Engines 2.78 3.36 3.66 2.48
Ammonium Sulfate 0.20 0.12 0.13 0.32 0.63 0.75 0.11
Ammonium Nitrate 2.47 2.92 4.80 5.26 3.64
Diesel Engines 0.18 0.46 0.24
Sulfate Dominant 0.24 0.46 0.34
Sea Salt 0.06 0.16 0.09
Residual Oil Combustion 0.12 0.21
Nitrate Dominant 0.42 1.17 2.36
Industrial 0.04
Mixed - Gas Engines & Nitrate 3.79 6.04 2.44 3.12
Mixed - Gas & Diesel Engines 0.46 0.50
Mixed - Gas Engines & Soil / Dust 0.78 0.30
Mixed - Diesel Engines & Nitrate 0.53
Mixed - Fresh & Aged Wood Smoke 0.65
Wood Smoke Summary
Total Wood Smoke 0.74 3.88 2.31 1.45 6.59 3.93 0.80 0.87 0.65
Measured PM2.5 and Major Components
PM2.5 5.40 9.91 12.40 7.62 14.66 8.69 10.88 11.72 9.83
Organic Mass (OC*1.4) 2.56 5.46 5.14 3.95 8.15 2.66 1.79 2.32 2.02
Elemental Carbon 0.60 1.07 0.90 0.69 1.79 0.62 0.56 0.66 0.58
Soil (IMPROVE Formula) 0.18 0.21 0.28 0.19 0.46 0.27 0.49 0.64 0.49
Sulfate 0.22 0.33 0.35 0.30 0.12 0.33 0.76 0.62 0.31
Nitrate 0.54 0.61 2.48 0.77 1.24 2.48 4.25 4.16 3.41
Ammonium 0.05 0.06 0.46 0.10 0.16 0.57 1.15 1.07 0.70