Table 2.
Time-trial performance tests from two modes of exercise performed at sea level and at various altitudes including sea level-altitude correlation and the standardized effect size of altitude on TT performance
| Time-Trial Performance, s |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Mode | Altitude, m | n | Type of Time Trial | Sea Level | Altitude | Mean Change | r for SL-ALT | Cohen’s dz† | |
| Cycling | 2,500 | 14 | 720 kJ | 4,957 ± 926 | 5,275 ± 1424 | 318 (35–879) |
6.4% | 0.88 (0.34 to 0.93) |
0.39 (−0.18 to 0.76) |
| 3,000 | 7 | 720 kJ | 4,969 ± 703 | 6,273 ± 1182 | 1,303 (776–1,949) |
26.2% | 0.71 (0.41 to 0.92) |
1.29 (1.02 to 2.30) |
|
| 3,500 | 5 | 720 kJ | 4,483 ± 650 | 5,402 ± 1712 | 919 (310–2,590) |
20.5% | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.90) |
0.73 (0.63 to 0.98) |
|
| 4,300 | 16 | 720 kJ | 4,622 ± 625 | 6,937 ± 1326 | 1,183 (848–1,697) |
50.1% | 0.45 (−0.09 to 0.76) |
1.79 (1.40 to 2.68) |
|
| Running | 3,500 | 15 | 11.2 km | 5,020 ± 570 | 6,397 ± 756 | 1,376 (1,098–1,658) |
27.4% | 0.66 (0.21 to 0.86) |
2.27 (1.78 to 3.12) |
| 4,050 | 16 | 11.2 km | 4,626 ± 658 | 6,458 ± 921 | 1,833 (1,506–2,151) |
39.6% | 0.67 (0.26 to 0.83) |
2.54 (2.11 to 3.58) |
|
| 15 | 3.2 km* | 821 ± 77 | 1,161 ± 96 | 341 (319–363) |
41.5% | 0.89 (0.32 to 0.98) |
6.98 (5.72 to 9.87) |
||
| 17 | 3.2 km | 1,014 ± 148 | 1,516 ± 369 | 501 (410–616) |
49.4% | 0.76 (0.61–0.86) |
1.74 (1.37 to 2.38) |
||
Values are expressed as means ± SD; values in parentheses represent the 95% confidence intervals. ALT, altitude; SL, sea level.
*
Time-trial test was completed on a designated track.
†
Reported Cohen’s d estimates were bias corrected