Table 1.

Cord plasma RBP-4, leptin, HMW and total adiponectin concentrations in the newborns of GD versus control (euglycemic) mothers

	GD (n=153)	Control (n=153)	Crude P value*	Adjusted P value*
RBP-4 (μg/mL)	20.1±5.1	19.7±5.0	0.562	0.204
	19.5 (16.8, 23.2)	19.0 (15.9, 22.7)
Leptin (ng/mL)	7.3±7.3	8.1±7.1	0.074	0.341
	4.6 (2.8, 9.4)	5.9 (3.6, 9.9)
Adiponectin, HMW (μg/mL)	15.0±7.5	17.6±8.0	0.002	0.006
	14.3 (10.1, 18.8)	16.3 (12.1, 21.6)
Adiponectin, total (μg/mL)	33.2±15.0	36.3±15.8	0.073	0.071
	31.7 (23.5, 42.6)	33.1 (24.7, 46.1)
HMW/total ratio	0.46±0.15	0.50±0.14	0.003	0.032
	0.44 (0.36, 0.51)	0.49 (0.41, 0.56)

Data presented are mean±SD and median (IQR).

P values in bold: p<0.017 (significant after accounting for multiple tests of the differences in the three primary outcomes (leptin, HMW adiponectin and RBP-4) between GD and control groups).

*Crude p values were from paired t-tests in log-transformed data. Adjusted p values were from generalized linear models in the comparisons of log-transformed biomarker data between the two groups adjusted for maternal (pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, gestational hypertension) and neonatal (cesarean section) characteristics; other factors were excluded since they were similar and did not affect the comparisons (p>0.2).

BMI, body mass index; GD, gestational diabetes; HMW, high molecular weight; RBP-4, retinol-binding protein 4.