Table 3.

Associations between early life famine exposure and cognitive function in adults, North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia, 2019

Models	Early life exposed*	Prenatal exposed	Postnatal exposed	Non-exposed
Model 1	−3.16 (−4.09 to −2.28)	−1.68 (−2.74 to −0.62)	−4.66 (−5.76 to −3.55)	Ref.
R2 (adjusted)	0.04	0.02	0.08	Ref.
Model 2	−1.12 (−1.89 to −0.33)	−1.27 (−2.27 to −0.12)	−2.18 (−3.11 to −1.27)	Ref.
R2 (adjusted)	0.36	0.35	0.42	Ref.
Model 3	−1.29 (−2.16 to –0. 52)	−1.26 (−2.35 to 0.94)	−2. 26 (−3.12 to –1. 36)	Ref.
R2 (adjusted)	0.37	0.36	0.45	Ref.

Data are β-coefficients (95% CI) from multiple linear regression analysis.

All β-coefficients are related to the non-exposed groups.

Model 1: cognitive test score with famine exposure (unadjusted for any covariate).

Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, residence and educational status.

Model 3: adjusted for body mass index, dietary pattern, increased blood pressure, physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, history of chronic diseases and effect modifiers.

*Prenatal and postnatal exposed, Ref—reference.