Table 3.
Multivariable analyses of sex difference in U.S. academic allergists
| Full Professor vs. Assistant Professor and Associate Professor | Full Professor and Associate Professor vs. Assistant Professor | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/total N academic allergists (%) | Adjusted difference (95%CI)* | n/total N academic allergists (%) | Adjusted difference (95%CI)* |
|
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 126 / 323 (39.0) | [Reference] | 190 / 323 (58.8) | [Reference] |
| Women | 26 / 184 (14.1) | 6.0 (−8.3, 20.2)† | 67 / 184 (36.4) | −0.2 (−15.2, 14.8)¶ |
| Age groups, years | ||||
| Age <50 | 9 / 193 (4.7) | [Reference] | 36 / 193 (18.7) | [Reference] |
| Age 50-54 | 16 / 68 (23.5) | 5.2 (−25.0, 35.4) | 40 / 68 (58.8) | 5.0 (−23.5, 33.4) |
| Age 55-59 | 24 / 67 (35.8) | 4.3 (−22.0, 30.6) | 48 / 67 (71.6) | 5.1 (−23.7, 33.8) |
| Age 60-64 | 31 / 61 (50.8) | 6.0 (−33.1, 45.0) | 47 / 61 (77.0) | −8.9 (−42.7, 25.0) |
| Age 65+ | 69 / 101 (68.3) | 5.6 (−39.9, 51.0) | 79 / 101 (78.2) | −12.9 (−52.1, 26.3) |
| Years since residency (per one year) | 1.5 (0.1, 3.0) | 2.0 (0.4, 3.6) | ||
| Publication (per one publication) | ||||
| Total | 0.7 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.3 (−1.5, 2.0) | ||
| First/last Author | −0.3 (−0.5, 0.0) | 1.5 (−0.9, 3.9) | ||
| National Institutes of Health grants | ||||
| None | 85 / 407 (20.9) | [Reference] | 170 / 407 (41.8) | [Reference] |
| At least one | 67 / 100 (67.0) | −8.4 (−25.6, 8.8) | 87 / 100 (87.0) | −7.5 (−59.5, 44.5) |
| Clinical trial investigation | ||||
| None | 109 / 436 (25.0) | [Reference] | 201 / 436 (46.1) | [Reference] |
| At least one | 43 / 71 (60.6) | 39.8 (10.6, 69.1) | 56 / 71 (78.9) | 30.3 (4.8, 55.7) |
| Faculty at US News “top 20” Medical School | ||||
| No | 103 / 333 (30.9) | [Reference] | 164 / 333 (49.2) | [Reference] |
| Yes | 42 / 152 (27.6) | 0.3 (−5.3, 5.8) | 80 / 152 (52.6) | .19 (−0.4, 0.8) |
| Medicare payments, 2013 US dollars (per $100,000) | −12.8 (−30.9, 5.3) | −2.91 (−19.9, 14.1) | ||
CI, confidence interval
*
Regression model adjusted for faculty appointment at US News and World Report “top 20” medical school, age, years since residency completion, number of publications (first or last author and total), NIH grants, clinical trial investigation, total Medicare payments, and medical-school level fixed effects.
†
Adjusted difference in sensitivity analyses ranged of from −5.8% to +6.0% and all 95% Confidence Intervals included 0.0% (see Supplemental Table 1).
¶
Adjusted difference in sensitivity analyses ranged of from −8.5% to +10.3% and all 95% Confidence Intervals included 0.0% (see Supplemental Table 1).