Table 3.

Postoperative Data

Variables	Control Group (N = 44)	Closed-loop Group (N = 45)	Point Estimate (95% CI)	P Value
Total fluid infusion at postoperative day 1 (ml)	1,325 [400 to 2,638]	1,625 [500 to 2,648]	100 (−300 to 700)	0.534
Major complications, N (%)
Patients with any major complications	5 (11)	2 (4)	−7 (−18 to 4)	0.224
Pulmonary embolism	1 (2)	0 (0)	−2 (−7 to 2)	0.312
Pulmonary edema	1 (2)	0 (0)	−2 (−7 to 2)	0.312
Pneumonia	2 (5)	0 (0)	−5 (−10 to 2)	0.241
Incidence of acute kidney injury*	4 (9)	2 (4)	−5 (−15 to 6)	0.382
30-day mortality	1 (2)	1 (2)	0 (−6 to 6)	0.987
90-day mortality	1 (2)	1 (2)	0 (−6 to 6)	0.987
Minor complications, N (%)
Patients with any minor complications	10 (23)	11 (24)	2 (−16 to 19)	0.849
Superficial wound infection	1 (2)	1 (2)	0 (−6 to 6)	0.987
Urinary infection	1 (2)	0 (0)	−2 (−7 to 2)	0.312
Paralytic ileus	1 (2)	1 (2)	0 (−6 to 6)	0.987
Postoperative confusion†	2 (5)	0 (0)	−5 (−10 to 2)	0.241
Posmiddleerative nausea and vomiting	5 (11)	7 (16)	4 (−10 to 18)	0.561
Other infections	3 (7)	3 (7)	0 (−11 to 10)	0.977
Hemoglobin at discharge (g · dl−1)	11.7 ± 1.7	11.8 ± 2.1	0.1 (−0.8 to 0.9)	0.892
Creatinine at discharge (mg · dl−1)	0.9 [0.7 to 1.0]	0.8 [0.6 to 1.0]	−0.1 (−0.2 to 0)	0.052
Estimated glomerular filtration rate at discharge (ml · kg−2 · 1.73 m−2)	85 [74 to 95]	96 [80 to 103]	8 (0 to 15)	0.059
Intensive care or postanesthesia care unit length of stay (h)	6 [3 to 19]	17 [4 to 19]	1 (−1 to 3)	0.419
Hospital length of stay (day)	4 [3 to 7]	4 [3 to 8]	1 (0 to 1)	0.259
90-day readmission	12 (27)	11 (24)	−3 (−21 to 15)	0.761

Data are presented as number and percentage, (%) or median [25th to 75th percentiles] or mean ± SD. Point estimates for group differences were estimated for Mann-Whitney U test as the median difference in the set of values representing all differences in pairings between the two groups.

^*Included Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes I to III.

^†Assessed by nurses in the postanesthesia care unit.