Table 2.

Top ten metabolites differentiating controls from DM (GDM + T2DM) in women in their second trimester

Metabolite	Biochemical ID	Super pathway	Sub pathway	Estimate	SE	P value	FDR
Glu	Glutamate	Amino Acids	Glutamate Metabolism	15.8	3.8	< 0.001	0.04
PC.ae.C34.3	Phosphatidylcholine C34:3	Lipid	Glycerophospholipids	− 1.5	0.4	< 0.001	0.13
Ile	Isoleucine	Amino Acids	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism	10.9	3.3	0.002	0.25
Asp	Aspartate	Amino Acids	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism	1.3	0.5	0.005	0.29
Leu	Leucine	Amino Acids	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism	14.8	5.7	0.011	0.29
Val	Valine	Amino Acids	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism	23.5	8.9	0.011	0.29
ProBetaine	Proline betaine	Amino-Acid-related	Xenobiotic	− 2.5	1	0.011	0.29
AconAcid	Aconitate [cis or trans]	Carboxylic acids	TCA Cycle	0.3	0.1	0.009	0.29
DG.16.0/18.1	Palmitoyl-oleoyl-glycerol	Lipid	Diacylglycerol	1.7	0.6	0.009	0.29
DG.16.0/18.2	Palmitoyl-Linoleic acid-glycerol	Lipid	Diacylglycerol	1.1	0.4	0.006	0.29
AA	Arachidonate (20:4n6)	Fatty Acids	Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid	0.4	0.1	0.003	0.29

Linear regression was performed to identify significant metabolites differentiating Controls from GDM + T2DM (DM) using the R statistical package after correcting for age, BMI and principle components (PC1 and PC2). Estimate (beta value), SE, standard error; FDR, False Discovery Rate