Table 1.
Maternal and pregnancy characteristics of the study groups
| Controls (n = 217) | Abusers (n = 71) | P | Smokers (n = 88) | P | SGA mothers (n = 168) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years,mean ± SD) | 29.1 ± 4.5 | 25.6 ± 6.1 | < 0.001 | 27.1 ± 5.8 | 0.004 | 30.2 ± 5.3 | 0.028 |
| Maternal height (cm, mean ± SD) | 165.4 ± 5.4 | 165.2 ± 4.7 | 0.803 | 164.1 ± 5.8 | 0.053 | 163.4 ± 5.8 | 0.001 |
| Weight at the beginning of pregnancy (kg, mean ± SD) | 64.2 ± 11.4 | 66.7 ± 14.0 | 0.140 | 70.7 ± 16.2 | 0.001 | 66.4 ± 37.5 | 0.423 |
| BMI prior to pregnancy (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 22.9 ± 4.0 | 23.9 ± 4.9 | 0.150 | 25.8 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 | 24.5 ± 15.4 | 0.162 |
| Weight gain during pregnancy (kg, mean ± SD) | 12.8 ± 4.2 | 14.0 ± 6.3 | 0.217 | 13.3 ± 6.9 | 0.610 | 11.7 ± 4.4 | 0.03 |
| Nulliparous, n (%) | 60 (27.6) | 49 (69.0) | < 0.001 | 29 (33.0) | 0.356 | 97 (57.7) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 16 (7.4) | 7 (9.9) | 0.376 | 10 (11.4) | 0.175 | 34 (20.2) | < 0.001 |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.8) | NA | 6 (6.8) | NA | 11 (6.5) | NA |
| Alcohol use before pregnancy, n (%) | 90 (41.5) | 38 (53.5) | 0.081 | 41 (46.6) | 0.432 | 76 (45.2) | 0.452 |
| Smoking during pregnancy (≥ 5 cigarrettes/day), n (%) | 0 (0) | 30 (42.3) | NA | 88 (100) | NA | 0 (0) | NA |
Independent samples t-test was used for continuous variables and Chi-Square test for nominal values. If there were fewer than five units in any of the classes, the Fischer´s exact test was used. Sample size may vary owing to missing values. NA, not applicable, the parameter was excluded by definition from the Control group