Table 2:
Correlates of Reuptake Among Previous Users at Baseline (Adults 18+).
| P30D use at follow-up | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any Tobacco | Cigarettes | ENDS | Cigars | Hookah | Smokeless | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Correlates at baseline | % | 95% CI | aOR1 | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | aOR1 | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | aOR1 | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | aOR1 | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | aOR1 | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | aOR1 | 95% CI | |||||
| Overall | 7.8 | (7.4–8.3) | N/A | N/A | 5.2 | (4.9–5.6) | N/A | N/A | 16.0 | (15.2–16.8) | N/A | N/A | 7.3 | (6.9–7.8) | N/A | N/A | 6.1 | (5.7–6.6) | N/A | N/A | 4.4 | (3.9–5.0) | N/A | N/A | |||||
| DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Age group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–24 | 25.5 | (23.5–27.6) | -- | -- | 19.4 | (17.9–21.1) | -- | -- | 21.3 | (20.0–22.7) | -- | -- | 16.5 | (15.4–17.7) | -- | -- | 11.3 | (10.3–12.4) | -- | -- | 10.0 | (8.3–11.9) | -- | -- | |||||
| 25–39 | 12.0 | (10.8–13.3) | 0.5 | (0.4–0.6)*** | 8.4 | (7.7–9.3) | 0.5 | (0.5–0.6)*** | 15.9 | (14.7–17.2) | 0.7 | (0.6–0.8)*** | 9.2 | (8.3–10.2) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.7)*** | 4.7 | (4.0–5.4) | 0.4 | (0.4–0.5)*** | 6.4 | (5.4–7.4) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0)* | |||||
| 40–54 | 6.0 | (5.1–7.0) | 0.2 | (0.2–0.3)*** | 3.8 | (3.2–4.6) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.3)*** | 14.1 | (12.5–15.8) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.7)*** | 5.8 | (5.1–6.5) | 0.4 | (0.3–0.5)*** | 3.0 | (2.3–4.0) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.4)*** | 2.8 | (2.0–3.8) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.5)*** | |||||
| 55+ | 3.9 | (3.2–4.7) | 0.1 | (0.1–0.2)*** | 2.4 | (2.0–2.9) | 0.2 | (0.1–0.2)*** | 10.0 | (8.3–11.9) | 0.4 | (0.3–0.5)*** | 3.4 | (2.9–4.1) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.3)*** | 2.2 | (1.3–3.5) | 0.3 | (0.1–0.4)*** | 2.0 | (1.3–3.3) | 0.2 | (0.1–0.4)*** | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 6.7 | (6.1–7.4) | -- | -- | 4.9 | (4.4–5.5) | -- | -- | 15.5 | (14.5–16.6) | -- | -- | 6.3 | (5.7–6.9) | -- | -- | 5.8 | (5.2–6.5) | -- | -- | 2.4 | (1.8–3.2) | -- | -- | |||||
| Male | 9.1 | (8.3–9.9) | 1.5 | (1.3–1.8)*** | 5.5 | (5.1–6.0) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 16.5 | (15.5–17.6) | 1.0 | (0.9–1.1) | 7.8 | (7.3–8.4) | 1.6 | (1.4–1.8)*** | 6.4 | (5.7–7.0) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) | 4.9 | (4.3–5.6) | 2.5 | (1.8–3.5)*** | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 6.6 | (6.0–7.1) | -- | -- | 4.1 | (3.7–4.5) | -- | -- | 16.8 | (15.8–17.8) | -- | -- | 6.3 | (5.8–6.8) | -- | -- | 4.2 | (3.7–4.8) | -- | -- | 4.6 | (4.0–5.2) | -- | -- | |||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 11.9 | (10.3–13.6) | 1.4 | (1.1–1.7)** | 8.1 | (6.9–9.4) | 1.5 | (12–1.9)*** | 14.1 | (12.2–16.3) | 0.7 | (0.6–0.9)** | 13.5 | (11.8–15.3) | 1.9 | (1.5–2.3)*** | 12.9 | (11.0–15.2) | 2.7 | (2.1–3.5)*** | 3.1 | (1.9–5.0) | 0.6 | (0.4–1.1) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic Other (includes two or more races) | 8.7 | (6.7–11.2) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.4) | 6.4 | (4.9–8.5) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.7) | 14.1 | (11.5–17.3) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 6.9 | (5.4–8.7) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 7.3 | (5.8–9.1) | 1.9 | (1.5–2.6)*** | 4.5 | (2.9–6.9) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.4) | |||||
| Hispanic | 12.5 | (11.1–14.1) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.4) | 9.5 | (8.1–11.0) | 1.5 | (12–1.9)*** | 15.5 | (13.6–17.6) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.0) | 10.4 | (9.2–11.8) | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5)** | 8.7 | (7.7–9.9) | 1.8 | (1.4–2.2)*** | 4.5 | (3.2–6.3) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.1) | |||||
| Sexual orientation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight/Heterosexual | 7.8 | (7.3–8.3) | -- | -- | 5.1 | (4.7–5.5) | -- | -- | 15.7 | (14.9–16.6) | -- | -- | 7.2 | (6.8–7.6) | -- | -- | 5.8 | (5.3–6.3) | -- | -- | 4.4 | (3.8–5.0) | -- | -- | |||||
| Gay or Lesbian | 9.8 | (6.7–14.1) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | 8.2 | (5.6–11.8) | 1.3 | (0.9–1.9) | 21.7 | (16.8–27.6) | 1.4 | (1.0–2.0)* | 8.1 | (5.6–11.5) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.4) | 10.6 | (7.7–14.4) | 1.6 | (1.1–2.3)* | # | # | # | # | |||||
| Bisexual | 14.4 | (10.6–19.2) | 1.5 | (1.0–2.0)* | 13.7 | (10.1–18.1) | 1.6 | (1.1–2.2)** | 20.6 | (17.0–24.8) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.5) | 12.8 | (10.0–16.2) | 1.5 | (1.1–2.0)** | 10.5 | (8.4–13.1) | 1.7 | (1.2–2.2)** | # | # | # | # | |||||
| Something else | 12.2 | (7.7–18.7) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.8) | 7.7 | (4.6–12.7) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.6) | 18.6 | (12.5–26.8) | 1.2 | (0.7–1.9) | 10.0 | (6.3–15.7) | 1.1 | (0.6–1.8) | 8.3 | (5.2–12.9) | 1.4 | (0.9–2.2) | # | # | # | # | |||||
| Educational attainment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school or some high school (no diploma) or GED | 9.7 | (8.1–11.5) | -- | -- | 7.1 | (6.0–8.3) | -- | -- | 17.6 | (15.8–19.6) | -- | -- | 11.1 | (10.0–12.4) | -- | -- | 8.4 | (7.0–10.1) | -- | -- | 6.1 | (4.8–7.8) | -- | -- | |||||
| High school graduate— diploma | 9.1 | (7.8–10.5) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | 6.6 | (5.7–7.6) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | 17.4 | (15.8–19.1) | 1.0 | (0.9–1.2) | 9.5 | (8.3–10.8) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 9.2 | (8.1–10.4) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 5.6 | (4.4–7.1) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.3) | |||||
| Some college (no degree) or associate degree | 8.7 | (7.9–9.5) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) | 5.6 | (5.0–6.2) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.0) | 15.9 | (14.8–17.0) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.1) | 7.1 | (6.5–7.7) | 0.8 | (0.7–0.9)** | 6.7 | (5.9–7.5) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 4.6 | (3.7–5.6) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.2) | |||||
| Bachelor’s degree or more | 5.9 | (5.3–6.6) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9)* | 3.4 | (2.9–3.9) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9)** | 12.7 | (11.0–14.6) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) | 4.8 | (4.2–5.5) | 0.8 | (0.7–1.1) | 3.0 | (2.5–3.7) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9)** | 2.6 | (2.0–3.5) | 0.5 | (0.3–0.9)* | |||||
| Annual household income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| < $25,000 | 12.2 | (10.8–13.7) | -- | -- | 9.0 | (8.0–10.2) | -- | -- | 17.3 | (16.1–18.5) | -- | -- | 11.9 | (11.0–12.9) | -- | -- | 9.1 | (8.1–10.3) | -- | -- | 6.0 | (5.1–7.1) | -- | -- | |||||
| $25,000- $74,999 | 7.2 | (6.5–8.1) | 0.7 | (0.6–0.9)** | 4.7 | (4.1–5.3) | 0.7 | (0.6–0.9)*** | 16.1 | (14.8–17.4) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.2) | 6.4 | (5.8–7.1) | 0.7 | (0.6–0.8)*** | 5.4 | (4.7–6.1) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) | 3.7 | (3.0–4.6) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | |||||
| ≥ $75,000 | 6.2 | (5.4–7.0) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.8)*** | 3.4 | (2.9–4.1) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.8)** | 12.7 | (11.0–14.6) | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 4.8 | (4.2–5.4) | 0.7 | (0.6–0.8)*** | 3.3 | (2.7–4.0) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.8)** | 3.8 | (2.9–5.1) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.6) | |||||
| Not reported | 6.4 | (4.9–8.3) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0)* | 4.6 | (3.5–6.1) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 17.5 | (14.7–20.7) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) | 8.0 | (6.3–10.0) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.3) | 7.1 | (5.5–9.1) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 5.2 | (3.5–7.7) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.9) | |||||
| TOBACCO USE CORRELATES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Use of cigarettes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10.5 | (9.4–11.7) | -- | -- | 5.0 | (4.6–5.4) | -- | -- | 4.7 | (4.2–5.3) | -- | -- | 3.2 | (2.5–3.9) | -- | -- | |||||
| P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 19.6 | (18.5–20.7) | 2.1 | (1.8–2.5)*** | 12.6 | (11.8–13.4) | 1.9 | (1.7–2.2)*** | 8.1 | (7.4–8.9) | 1.4 | (1.2–1.6)*** | 6.5 | (5.7–7.3) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.7) | |||||
| Use of ENDS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4.6 | (4.2–5.0) | -- | -- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6.7 | (6.2–7.1) | -- | -- | 5.7 | (5.2–6.2) | -- | -- | 3.9 | (3.4–4.5) | -- | -- | |||||
| P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 24.2 | (21.2–27.5) | 3.6 | (2.9–4.5)*** | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 13.4 | (12.2–14.7) | 1.2 | (1.1–1.4)** | 8.5 | (7.2–10.0) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 7.7 | (6.3–9.4) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.6) | |||||
| Use of cigars | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4.8 | (4.4–5.2) | -- | -- | 14.7 | (13.8–15.6) | -- | -- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5.1 | (4.6–5.6) | -- | -- | 3.7 | (3.2–4.4) | -- | -- | |||||
| P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 15.5 | (13.7–17.5) | 2.1 | (1.8–2.5)*** | 22.4 | (20.5–24.3) | 1.3 | (1.2–1.6)*** | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 11.1 | (9.8–12.4) | 1.5 | (1.2–18)*** | 8.4 | (6.9–10.2) | 1.5 | (1.1–2.1)* | |||||
| Use of hookah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4.9 | (4.6–5.3) | -- | -- | 15.0 | (14.2–15.8) | -- | -- | 7.0 | (6.5–7.4) | -- | -- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4.3 | (3.7–4.9) | -- | -- | |||||
| P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 22.7 | (19.2–26.7) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.6) | 27.8 | (25.3–30.4) | 1.8 | (1.5–2.2)*** | 20.0 | (17.3–23.0) | 1.5 | (12–1.9)*** | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10.9 | (7.8–14.9) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.9) | |||||
| Use of smokeless | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5.1 | (4.7–5.5) | -- | -- | 15.8 | (15.0–16.6) | -- | -- | 7.0 | (6.6–7.5) | -- | -- | 6.1 | (5.6–6.6) | -- | -- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
| P30D use | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 9.0 | (7.3–11.1) | 1.5 | (1.1–2.0)** | 20.1 | (17.1–23.5) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | 11.9 | (10.2–13.8) | 1.4 | (1.1–1.8)** | 6.5 | (4.9–8.5) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.3) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||
Notes.
Abbreviations: P30D = past 30-day; ENDS = electronic nicotine delivery system; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; N/A = not applicable
The percentages and odds ratios in the table are based on weighted data.
Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in “Any tobacco” = 14,707 Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in “Cigarettes” = 16,356 Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in “ENDS” = 12,124 Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in “Cigars” = 18,606 Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in “Hookah” = 12,946 Denominator N (unweighted number of observations) for aOR in “Smokeless” = 7,612
Tobacco product types were categorized into five groups: cigarettes, ENDS (e-cigarettes at Wave 1, and e-cigarettes, e-cigars, e-pipes, and e-hookah at Waves 2 & 3), cigars (traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cigars), hookah, and smokeless tobacco (loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit, chewing tobacco, and snus pouches).
For each of the five tobacco products, and for any tobacco product, use is defined with respect to the given tobacco product/any tobacco product: Previous use is defined as ever use, with no P30D use (or ever using the product, even 1 or 2 times, but not in the past 30 days);
P30D use is defined as using the product at least once in the past 30 days.
The outcome ‘reuptake’ is defined as P30D use at follow-up (vs. no P30D use at follow-up) among previous users at baseline. Since no P30D use at baseline is defined with respect to each tobacco product, P30D of ‘other’ tobacco products at baseline are considered as correlates of ‘reuptake’ of the given tobacco product at follow-up.
GEE logistic regression analyses were used to assess correlates of ‘reuptake’ of P30D use at follow-up among previous users at baseline over a one-year period of time (i.e., Wave 1-Wave 2 and Wave 2-Wave 3), including up to two change data points per individual and statistically controlling for the correlation among observations from the same individuals. All correlates reflect baseline measurement for each wave pair (e.g., when evaluating change between Wave 1 and Wave 2, the age correlate reflects a person’s age at Wave 1, and when evaluating change between Wave 2 and Wave 3, the age correlate reflects a person’s age at Wave 2).
Analyses adjusted for age group, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, educational attainment, annual household income, each tobacco use correlate, and wave.
Estimates with either a relative standard error greater than 30 or a corresponding denominator less than 50 have been suppressed.
p <0.05
p <0.01
p <0.001