Table 4. Recommendations for Management of CRS.

ASTCT CRS Grade	Management
Grade 1 Fever with temperature ≥ 38°C but no hypotension or hypoxia•	• Antipyretics and intravenous hydration
	• Diagnostic work-up to rule out infection
	• Consider growth factors and antibiotics if neutropenic
Grade 2 Fever with hypotension not requiring vasopressors and/or hypoxia requiring low-flow nasal cannula	• Supportive care as in grade 1
	• Intravenous fluid boluses and/or supplemental oxygen
	• Tocilizumab +/− dexamethasone or its equivalent of methylprednisolone (corticosteroids)
Grade 3 Fever with hypotension requiring one vasopressor with or without vasopressin and/or hypoxia requiring high-flow nasal cannula, facemask, non-rebreather mask, or venturi mask	• Supportive care as in grade 1
	• Consider monitoring in intensive care unit
	• Vasopressor support and/or supplemental oxygen
	• Tocilizumab + dexamethasone 10–20 mg intravenous every 6 hours or its equivalent of methylprednisolone
Grade 4 Fever with hypotension requiring multiple vasopressors, excluding vasopressin and/or hypoxia requiring positive pressure, e.g., CPAP, BiPAP, intubation and mechanical ventilation	• Supportive care as in grade 1
	• Monitoring in intensive care unit
	• Vasopressor support and/or supplemental oxygen via positive pressure ventilation
	• Tocilizumab + methylprednisolone 1,000 mg/day

Note. BiPAP = bilevel positive airway pressure; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure. Adapted from Neelapu et al. (2019).