Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Control, n = 25 | CSA, n = 33 | AMI, n = 32 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 57.1 ± 7.8 | 61.2 ± 11.5 | 57 ± 11.6 | 0.206 |
| Men, n (%) | 6 (24) | 24 (72.7)* | 21 (65.6)† | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | 26 ± 4* | 24.6 ± 2.6 | 0.021 |
| WC, cm | 80.9 ± 7.5 | 92.3 ± 11.4* | 83.4 ± 16.3‡ | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1 (4) | 19 (57.6)* | 15 (46.9)† | < 0.001 |
| DM, n (%) | 2 (8) | 13 (39.4)* | 13 (40.6)† | 0.021 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 2 (8) | 16 (48.5)* | 19 (59.4)† | < 0.001 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 2 (8) | 13 (39.4)* | 13 (40.6)† | 0.021 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 0 | 11 (33.3) | 9 (28.1) | 0.649 |
| Hypertension medication, n (%) | 0 | 17 (51.5) | 6 (18.8)‡ | 0.006 |
| DM medication, n (%) | 0 | 13 (39.4) | 10 (31.3) | 0.492 |
| Total choleaterol, mg/dL | 189 ± 25.3 | 156.4 ± 35.2* | 186.9 ± 43.6‡ | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 86.7 ± 44.3 | 160.4 ± 99.8* | 136.6 ± 142.1†‡ | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 59.4 ± 15.7 | 48.7 ± 15.2* | 45 ± 11.8† | 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 115.3 ± 24.1 | 91.9 ± 30.1* | 124.3 ± 41.7‡ | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 7 ± 1.6* | 6.9 ± 2.1† | < 0.001 |
| WBC, × 103/μL | 5 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 1.2* | 10.9 ± 3.3†‡ | < 0.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 1.6* | 3.5 ± 3.1†‡ | < 0.001 |
| VAT area, cm2 | 147 ± 57.1 | 261.3 ± 110.6* | 209.1 ± 80.1† | < 0.001 |
| SAT area, cm2 | 335.4 ± 95 | 347.8 ± 168.4 | 294.2 ± 83.1 | 0.294 |
| peak CK-MB, ng/mL | … | … | 145.6 ± 127.3 | … |
| peak troponin-T, ng/mL | … | … | 3.7 ± 4.6 | … |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||
| Carotid artery TBR | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.4* | 2.1 ± 0.4†‡ | < 0.001 |
| Spleen SUVmax | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 2 ± 0.3* | 2.6 ± 0.4†‡ | < 0.001 |
| BM SUVmax | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.6* | 1.7 ± 0.2†‡ | < 0.001 |
All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). P-values were determined using ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test or Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn’s test for continuous variables and Pearson Chi squared (χ2) test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables. *p < 0.05, Control vs. CSA, †p < 0.05, Control vs. AMI, ‡p < 0.05, CSA vs. AMI. CSA chronic stable angina, AMI acute myocardial infarction, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, DM diabetes mellitus, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, WBC white blood cell, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, VAT visceral adipose tissue; SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue, CK-MB creatine kinase-MB, TBR target-to-background ratio, SUVmax maximum standardized uptake value, BM bone marrow