Table 4.
Associations of the respective domains of the GAS, GDS and MMSE tests with subject membership in clusters.
| Independent variable | Cluster | Average | SD | p-Value | Post-hoc analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDS – dysphoria | HF | 1.06 | 1.53 | 0.000 | HF<CF. PhyF |
| CI | 1.60 | 1.85 | |||
| CF | 2.66 | 2.35 | |||
| PhyF | 2.66 | 2.02 | |||
| All | 1.42 | 1.80 | |||
| GDS – lack of positive mood | HF | 0.40 | 0.91 | – | – |
| CI | 0.46 | 1.04 | |||
| CF | 0.66 | 1.23 | |||
| PhyF | 1.00 | 1.49 | |||
| All | 0.47 | 1.02 | |||
| GAS – anxiety | HF | 3.57 | 3.66 | 0.000 | HF<CF. PhyF |
| CI | 4.80 | 3.99 | |||
| CF | 9.52 | 8.50 | |||
| PhyF | 10.38 | 6.74 | |||
| All | 4.81 | 5.03 | |||
| MMSE 1 orientation in time* | HF | 4.73 | 0.54 | 0.000 | HF>CI. CF; CI>CF |
| CI | 4.36 | 0.92 | |||
| CF | 3.47 | 1.03 | |||
| PhyF | 4.22 | 0.87 | |||
| All | 4.50 | 0.80 | |||
| MMSE 2 repetition* | HF | 1.99 | 0.07 | – | – |
| CI | 1.96 | 0.25 | |||
| CF | 1.95 | 0.21 | |||
| PhyF | 2.00 | 0.01 | |||
| All | 1.98 | 0.15 | |||
| MMSE 3 attention* | HF | 4.73 | 0.71 | 0.000 | HF. PhyF>CI. CF |
| CI | 1.63 | 1.39 | |||
| CF | 0.57 | 0.81 | |||
| PhyF | 4.33 | 1.23 | |||
| All | 3.63 | 1.84 | |||
| MMSE 4 delayed memory* | HF | 0.90 | 0.79 | 0.000 | HF>CI. CF. PhyF |
| CI | 0.25 | 0.53 | |||
| CF | 0.33 | 0.73 | |||
| PhyF | 0.22 | 0.42 | |||
| All | 00.65 | 0.77 | |||
| MMSE 5 comprehension* | HF | 3.00 | 0.01 | – | – |
| CI | 2.93 | 0.39 | |||
| CF | 2.80 | 0.51 | |||
| PhyF | 2.88 | 0.47 | |||
| All | 2.96 | 0.27 |
HF – highly functional; CI – cognitive impairment; CF – cognitive frailty; PhyF – physical frailty.
*
Differences in mean values shown only for tasks (questions) on the MMSE, for which any differences were observed among the clusters.
For two memory-related functions: “repetition” and “delayed memory”, maximum point scores were 2 and 1, respectively; the maximum point scores were 5 each; for two non-memory-related functions: “orientation in time” and “attention”, the maximum point scores were 5 each.