Figure 4.

Deregulation of PPARγ Program in COVID-19 Lung Samples

(A) Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that COVID-19 lung samples are enriched in genes that are upregulated in macrophages following PPARγ knockout (NES, normalized enrichment score; FDR, false discovery rate); (B) Boxplot of PPARγ expression in COVID-19 lung biopsies compared with samples from healthy donors, data from two independent datasets (p value from two-sided test with Welch correction); (C) Expression heatmap of PPARγ-knockout-dependent macrophage expression program in the transcriptome of COVID-19 lung biopsies compared with that of healthy donors (Euclidean distances); (D) Violinplot of PPARγ count expression in single-cell transcriptome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; (E) UMAP representation of single-cell transcriptome (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) expression of PPARγ in HDs and patients with mild or severe COVID-19.