Fig. 4.

Shock tube with a variety of diagnostics for particle growth processes: (a): Absorption and emission (without lamp) measurements for species concentration, and ignition delay time detection (without spectrometer), (b): time-resolved laser induced incandescence for particle size determination, (c): absorption and extinction measurements for determination of species concentration, temperature, and particle formation induction times, (d): high-repetition-rate time-of-flight mass spectrometer for multi-species measurements. Reprinted from [50] with permission from Elsevier/The Combustion Institute.