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. 2020 Sep 24;10:15706. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72736-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Oleic acid promotes the osteogenic differentiation of HPdLF. (a) Quantitative expression analysis of the osteogenic marker genes RUNX2, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OSP), cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in fatty acid-cultured HPdLF compared to BSA controls. (b) Representative microphotographs of alizarin red staining of calcium deposits in HPdLF cultured in fatty acids and displayed in (c). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc test (Tukey). Scale bars: 50 μm in (b). BSA, bovine serum albumin; OA, oleic acid; PA, palmitic acid; RNE, relative normalized expression.