Figure 3.

Simulation results under increasing level of differences across batch in the mean and variance of expression. Batch effects in the mean or the variance will cause a loss of power for differential expression detection. While all methods are able to increase the power for analysis, ComBat-seq generally achieves the best power. Also, when there is a sufficient level of dispersion differences across batch, ComBat-seq is able to better control false positives than the other methods.