Fig. 3. Effects of compound 6c on the membrane permeability and damage in MRSA.

a The change in PI fluorescence in MRSA treated with lawsone, vancomycin, or 6c (all treated at the 16 µM concentration) over the duration of 1 h (mean ± s.d, n = 3 biological replicates and each biological replicate has three technical replicates). b Representative microscopic images of PI in MRSA treated with lawsone, vancomycin, or 6c (all at 16 µM) for 1 h (Scale bar: 2 μm). Differential interference contrast microscopic (DIC) images (left), fluorescence images (middle), and merged images of MRSA (right). Representative of three independent experiments. c Representative SEM images of MRSA treated with lawsone, 6c, vancomycin, or daptomycin (all at 16 µM) for 2 h. Representative of three independent experiments.