Table 1. Demographic characteristics for lupus hospitalizationsa.
| Variable | Total lupus hospitalizations, full cohort | Non-preventable lupus hospitalizations | Preventable lupus hospitalizations | P |
| Hospitalizations, n (%) | 23154 (100) | 21060 (90.96) | 2094 (9.04) | |
| Stateb | .4184 | |||
| Florida | 15136 (65.56) | 13753 (65.49) | 1383 (66.20) | |
| North Carolina | 5081 (22.01) | 4644 (22.12) | 437 (20.92) | |
| South Carolina | 2871 (12.44) | 2602 (12.39) | 269 (12.88) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001a | |||
| White | 11551 (50.15) | 10417 (49.74) | 1134 (54.34) | |
| Minorityc | 11481 (49.85) | 10528 (50.26) | 953 (45.66) | |
| Sex | .0054a | |||
| Male | 2519 (10.88) | 2329 (11.06) | 190 (9.07) | |
| Female | 20635 (89.12) | 18731 (88.94) | 1904 (90.93) | |
| Age groups, years | <.0001a | |||
| 0-19 | 650 (2.82) | 623 (2.97) | 27 (1.29) | |
| 20-39 | 5762 (24.96) | 5319 (25.33) | 443 (21.21) | |
| 40-64 | 11355 (49.18) | 10253 (48.83) | 1102 (52.75) | |
| ≥65 | 5321 (23.05) | 4804 (22.88) | 517 (24.75) | |
| Health insurance | <.0001a | |||
| Medicare | 11773 (52.83) | 10594 (52.29) | 1179 (58.19) | |
| Medicaid | 4282 (19.21) | 3883 (19.17) | 399 (19.69) | |
| Private insurance | 5192 (23.30) | 4835 (23.87) | 357 (17.62) | |
| Uninsured | 1038 (4.66) | 947 (4.67) | 91 (4.49) | |
| Median household income, $d | .1912 | |||
| 0 - 38,999, 25th percentile | 9274 (40.81) | 8406 (40.65) | 868 (42.40) | |
| 39k - 47,999, 50th percentile | 7524 (33.11) | 6842 (33.09) | 682 (33.32) | |
| 48k - 62,999, 75th percentile | 4351 (19.15) | 3979 (19.24) | 372 (18.17) | |
| ≥63k, 100th percentile | 1575 (6.93) | 1450 (7.01) | 125 (6.11) | |
| Hospital charges, $ | <.0001a | |||
| 0 - 20,000 | 7368 (31.82) | 6542 (31.07) | 826 (39.45) | |
| 20,001 - 40,000 | 7195 (31.08) | 6431 (30.54) | 764 (36.49) | |
| 40,001 - 60,000 | 3444 (14.87) | 3179 (15.10) | 265 (12.66) | |
| ≥60,001 | 5146 (22.23) | 4907 (23.30) | 239 (11.41) | |
| Residence | .1694 | |||
| Urban | 19369 (85.89) | 17646 (85.99) | 1723 (84.88) | |
| Rural | 3182 (14.11) | 2875 (14.01) | 307 (15.12) | |
| Length of Stay | <.0001a | |||
| 0 – 3 days | 10900 (47.08) | 9793 (46.50) | 1107 (52.87) | |
| 4 – 7 days | 7506 (32.42) | 6773 (32.16) | 733 (35.00) | |
| 8 – 11 days | 2456 (10.61) | 2295 (10.90) | 161 (7.69) | |
| ≥12 days | 2291 (9.90) | 2198 (10.44) | 93 (4.44) |
Data are n(%).
a. Chi-square tests conducted for categorical variables. Each sample (n) includes all nonmissing data.
b. Florida and South Carolina data are from 2012 while North Carolina data are from 2011.
c. Includes all races listed as Black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, or Other.
d. MHI quartiles changed each year from 2012-2015. See website for more information: https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/vars/zipinc_qrtl/nisnote.jsp.