Table 2.
The Association Between Physical Activity Trajectories and Change in Physical Performance Measures from Baseline to Year 7 Presented as Least Squares Mean
| Least Squares Mean Estimate (95% CI) | PA Trajectory Group | Unadjusted Model | Base Modela | Multivariateb Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait speed (m/s) | Low activity | −0.15 (−0.17, −0.14) | −0.16 (−0.17, −0.15) | −0.16 (−0.17, −0.14) |
| Moderate activity | −0.12 (−0.13, −0.11) | −0.12 (−0.13, −0.11) | −0.12 (−0.13, −0.11) | |
| High activity | −0.10 (−0.13, −0.08) | −0.10 (−0.12, −0.08) | −0.10 (−0.12, −0.08) | |
| p-trend | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |
| Grip strength (kg) | Low activity | −4.85 (−5.14, −4.57) | −4.89 (−5.17, −4.62) | −4.83 (−5.10, −4.55) |
| Moderate activity | −4.09 (−4.34, −3.84) | −4.08 (−4.32, −3.84) | −4.11 (−4.36, −3.87) | |
| High activity | −3.81 (−4.39, −3.23) | −3.68 (−4.24, −3.13) | −3.79 (−4.35, −3.23) | |
| p-trend | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |
| Chair stands (n) | Low activity | −1.02 (−1.10, −0.94) | −0.99 (−1.07, −0.91) | −0.99 (−1.07, −0.91) |
| Moderate activity | −0.65 (−0.72, −0.59) | −0.67 (−0.74, −0.60) | −0.67 (−0.74 to −0.6) | |
| High activity | −0.5 (−0.65, −0.34) | −0.53 (−0.69, −0.37) | −0.53 (−0.69, −0.37) | |
| p-trend | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |
| LEP (watts) | Low activity | −41.02 (−43.77, 38.26) | −40.76 (−43.47, −38.06) | −40.09 (−42.79, −37.38) |
| Moderate activity | −37.09 (−39.39, −34.78) | −36.98 (−39.24, −34.73) | −37.34 (−39.58, −35.09) | |
| High activity | −34.55 (−39.78, −29.33) | −36.01 (−41.14, −30.88) | −36.61 (−41.73, −31.49) | |
| p-trend | .01 | .03 | .12 |
Note: CI = confidence interval; LEP = leg extension power; PA = physical activity.
n missing: grip strength, n = 155; Gait speed, n = 42; Chair stands, n = 41; Leg power, n = 991.
aBase model adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education. bMultivariate model adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, marital status, smoking, drinking, BMI, Self-rated health, Falls reported in the last year, SF12 mental health index, and comorbidity defined categorically (yes/no; hypertension, CVD, CHF, arthritis, diabetes).
*p for trend is the linear change from low-activity to moderate-activity to high-activity trajectory groups.