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. 2020 Mar 31;75(10):1967–1973. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa073

Table 2.

The Association Between Physical Activity Trajectories and Change in Physical Performance Measures from Baseline to Year 7 Presented as Least Squares Mean

Least Squares Mean Estimate (95% CI) PA Trajectory Group Unadjusted Model Base Modela Multivariateb Model
Gait speed (m/s) Low activity −0.15 (−0.17, −0.14) −0.16 (−0.17, −0.15) −0.16 (−0.17, −0.14)
Moderate activity −0.12 (−0.13, −0.11) −0.12 (−0.13, −0.11) −0.12 (−0.13, −0.11)
High activity −0.10 (−0.13, −0.08) −0.10 (−0.12, −0.08) −0.10 (−0.12, −0.08)
p-trend <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
Grip strength (kg) Low activity −4.85 (−5.14, −4.57) −4.89 (−5.17, −4.62) −4.83 (−5.10, −4.55)
Moderate activity −4.09 (−4.34, −3.84) −4.08 (−4.32, −3.84) −4.11 (−4.36, −3.87)
High activity −3.81 (−4.39, −3.23) −3.68 (−4.24, −3.13) −3.79 (−4.35, −3.23)
p-trend <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
Chair stands (n) Low activity −1.02 (−1.10, −0.94) −0.99 (−1.07, −0.91) −0.99 (−1.07, −0.91)
Moderate activity −0.65 (−0.72, −0.59) −0.67 (−0.74, −0.60) −0.67 (−0.74 to −0.6)
High activity −0.5 (−0.65, −0.34) −0.53 (−0.69, −0.37) −0.53 (−0.69, −0.37)
p-trend <.0001 <.0001 <.0001
LEP (watts) Low activity −41.02 (−43.77, 38.26) −40.76 (−43.47, −38.06) −40.09 (−42.79, −37.38)
Moderate activity −37.09 (−39.39, −34.78) −36.98 (−39.24, −34.73) −37.34 (−39.58, −35.09)
High activity −34.55 (−39.78, −29.33) −36.01 (−41.14, −30.88) −36.61 (−41.73, −31.49)
p-trend .01 .03 .12

Note: CI = confidence interval; LEP = leg extension power; PA = physical activity.

n missing: grip strength, n = 155; Gait speed, n = 42; Chair stands, n = 41; Leg power, n = 991.

aBase model adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education. bMultivariate model adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, marital status, smoking, drinking, BMI, Self-rated health, Falls reported in the last year, SF12 mental health index, and comorbidity defined categorically (yes/no; hypertension, CVD, CHF, arthritis, diabetes).

*p for trend is the linear change from low-activity to moderate-activity to high-activity trajectory groups.