Table 3. The COVID-19 clinical outcomes based on vitamin D status.
| Clinical outcomes | 25OHD ≥30 | 25OHD < 30 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 77 | N = 158 | ||
| Hospitalization (day)† | 5 (5) | 5 (5) | 0.28 |
| Duration from illness onset to first admission (day) † | 7 (7) | 7 (7) | 0.30 |
| Chest pain ‡ | 14.3% (11) | 8.2% (13) | 0.17 |
| Dyspnea ‡ | 51.9% (40) | 60.1% (95) | 0.26 |
| ICU admission ‡ | 14.3% (11) | 20.9% (33) | 0.33 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome ‡ | 11.7% (9) | 17.1% (27) | 0.33 |
| Intubation ‡ | 7.8% (6) | 11.4% (18) | 0.49 |
| Multi-organ damage ‡ | 13% (10) | 17.7% (28) | 0.45 |
| Acute kidney injury ‡ | 13% (10) | 15.2% (24) | 0.69 |
| Bilateral lung involvement‡ | 31.7 (19) | 33.3% (43) | 0.86 |
| Shock‡ | 6.5 (5) | 10.8% (17) | 0.34 |
| Unconsciousness | 1.3%(1) | 8.2%(13) | 0.03 |
| Hypoxia† b | 19.4% (15) | 39.2%(62) | 0.004 |
| Quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP)>40mg/L ‡ | 61(47) | 77.2(122) | 0.01 |
| blood lymphocyte percentage<20% ‡ | 45.5(35) | 60.1(95) | 0.03 |
| Severity † c | 63.6% (49) | 77.2%(122) | 0.02 |
Numerical variables were expressed as median (IQR). Categorical variables were presented as percentages.
Hospitalization range: 1–23 days in patients with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and 1–19 days in patients with vitamin D sufficiency.
Duration form illness onset to first admission: 0–30 days in patients with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and 0–21 days in patients with vitamin D sufficiency.
† median (IQR),
‡ % (N),
a only in patients older than 40 years,
b defined as an arterial blood oxygen saturation levels below 90%,
c Severe-critical.