Table 2.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Cognitive Flexibility (CF) and Working Memory (WM) on Reading Comprehension (RC) for Model M4
| Bootstrapped 95% Confidence Intervals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Path | Construct | Estimate | SE | Lower | Upper |
| Direct Effects on RC | |||||
| DC | 0.274 | 0.076 | 0.114 | 0.408 | |
| OL | 1.506 | 0.203 | 1.146 | 1.949 | |
| Age | −1.116 | 0.308 | −1.749 | −0.524 | |
| SES | 0.079 | 0.046 | −0.009 | 0.171 | |
| Indirect Effects via DC | |||||
| WM | 1.253 | 0.404 | 0.494 | 2.054 | |
| Age | 0.323 | 0.165 | 0.032 | 0.660 | |
| SES | 0.041 | 0.029 | −0.011 | 0.103 | |
| Indirect Effects via OL | |||||
| WM | 1.252 | 1.385 | −1.745 | 2.166 | |
| CF | 0.862 | 0.821 | 0.478 | 2.588 | |
| Age | 0.762 | 0.516 | −0.172 | 1.389 | |
| SES | −0.004 | 0.146 | −0.308 | 0.108 | |
| Direct Effects on DC | |||||
| WM | 4.581 | 0.592 | 3.530 | 5.832 | |
| Age | 1.181 | 0.514 | 0.146 | 2.125 | |
| SES | 0.149 | 0.094 | −0.044 | 0.324 | |
| Direct Effects on OL | |||||
| WM | 0.832 | 0.896 | −1.100 | 1.347 | |
| CF | 0.572 | 0.522 | 0.343 | 1.695 | |
| Age | 0.506 | 0.328 | −0.113 | 0.868 | |
| SES | −0.003 | 0.094 | −0.206 | 0.071 | |
Note. Confidence intervals that do not contain zero (bolded) are statistically significant. Estimates are unstandardized. SE = Standard error; DC = Decoding; OL = Oral language.