Figure 4. Genetic and geographic origins of rice domestication.
a, Phylogenetic tree of 446 O. rufipogon accessions and 1,083 O. sativa varieties calculated from SNPs in the overall regions of the 55 major domestication sweeps. b, Geographic locations of 62 O. rufipogon accessions, whose phylogenetic positions during domestication are indicated. Colour index represents the average of the genetic distance of O. rufipogon accessions to all cultivated rice accessions. Two major rivers in southern China are labelled in grey in the map. c, The average distance of O. rufipogon accessions from different countries to all cultivars. The distance was estimated by simple matching distance of SNPs around the Bh4 locus or all SNPs within the 55 domestication sweeps. d, The average distance of O. rufipogon accessions from different provinces in southern China to all cultivars. e, Schematics of the origin of cultivated rice. The aus and aromatic rice are minor groups of rice accessions with small geographic distributions.