Table 7.

GM IR maize: summary of active ingredient usage and associated EIQ changes 1996–2018.

Country	Change in active ingredient use (million kg)	% change in amount of active ingredient used	% change in EIQ indicator
US	−81.6	−53.8	−55.4
Canada	−0.83	−88.7	−62.6
Spain	−0.68	−36.5	−20.7
South Africa	−2.3	−73.3	−73.2
Brazil	−26.6	−92.0	−92.0
Colombia	−0.28	−65.6	−65.2
Vietnam	−0.04	−4.6	−4.6
Aggregate impact: all countries	−112.4	−59.7	−63.0

Notes:

Negative sign = reduction in usage or EIQ improvement. Positive sign = increase in usage or worse EIQ value

Other countries using GM IR maize – Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Honduras and the Philippines, not included due to lack of data and/or little or no history of using insecticides to control these pests

% change in active ingredient usage and field EIQ values relates to insecticides typically used to target lepidopteran pests (and rootworm in the US and Canada) only. Some of these active ingredients are, however, sometimes used to control to other pests that the GM IR technology does not target