Data sources (for pesticide usage data).
| Sources of data for assumptions | |
|---|---|
| US | Gianessi & Carpenter49 Sankala & Blumenthal10,19 Johnson S & Strom S11 Own analysis (2010–2018) All of the above mainly for conventional regimes (based on surveys and consultations of extension advisors and industry experts) Kynetec – private market research data on pesticide usage. Is the most comprehensive dataset on crop pesticide usage at the farm level and allows for disaggregation to cover biotech versus conventional crops. This source primarily used for usage on GM traits |
| Argentina | AMIS Global & Kleffmann – private market research data on pesticide use. Is the most detailed dataset on crop pesticide use AAPRESID (no till farmers association) – personal communications 2007 Monsanto Argentina (personal communications 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) Qaim M & De Janvry A50 Qaim M & Traxler G14 |
| Brazil | AMIS Global & Kleffmann – private market research data on crop pesticide use. Is the most detailed dataset on crop pesticide use Monsanto Brazil51 Galveo A4,52 plus personal communications Monsanto Brazil (personal communications 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016) |
| Uruguay | Kleffmann and as Argentina for conventional |
| Paraguay | As Argentina for conventional soybeans (over the top usage), Kleffmann for GM HT soybean |
| Bolivia | As Paraguay: no country-specific data identified |
| Canada | George Morris Center3 Canola Council53 Smyth S et al54 Weed Control Guide Ontario (updated annually) |
| S Africa | Monsanto S Africa (personal communications 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016) Ismael Y et al55 Kleffmann |
| Romania | Kleffmann, Brookes16 |
| Australia | Kleffmann Doyle et al56,57 CSIRO58 Monsanto Australia (personal communications 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011,2012, 2014, 2016, 2017) Fisher J & Tozer P59 |
| Spain | Brookes17,60) |
| China | Kleffmann Pray et al15 Monsanto China personal communication (2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) |
| Mexico | Monsanto Mexico61–69 Traxler G et al70 |
| India | Kleffmann, Kynetec APCOAB71 IMRB72,73 Monsanto India (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2017) – personal communications |
| Vietnam | Kynetec, Brookes74 |
| Philippines | Kynetec, Monsanto Philippines personal communication and survey of GM HT growers (2017 unpublished) |