Table 3.
Unconditional odds of all outcomes in or by 2017, based upon 2009‐17 sociodemographics
| Fair or poor health in 2017 | Death by 2017 | Work limitation in 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | 1.024 (1.019, 1.029) a | 1.088 (1.077, 1.099) a | 1.040 (1.034, 1.046) a |
| Gender (ref = Male) | |||
| Female | 1.058 (0.938, 1.194) | 0.612 (0.473, 0.793) a | 0.905 (0.761, 1.076) |
| Race (ref = White) | |||
| Black/African American | 1.189 (1.022, 1.384) a | 0.948 (0.770, 1.167) | 0.949 (0.792, 1.137) |
| Other | 1.443 (1.021, 2.041) a | 0.718 (0.401, 1.288) | 0.797 (0.575, 1.105) |
| Educational level (ref = High school or below) | |||
| Some college | 0.808 (0.673, 0.971) a | 0.797 (0.613, 1.038) | 0.931 (0.813, 1.066) |
| College and above | 0.484 (0.407, 0.576) a | 0.635 (0.480, 0.841) a | 0.556 (0.458, 0.675) a |
| Percent of time insured 2009‐2017 | 0.997 (0.995, 0.999) a | 0.997 (0.990, 1.003) | 1.003 (0.999, 1.006) |
| Percent of time income > 100% FPL, 2009‐2017 | 0.991 (0.989, 0.994) a | 0.992 (0.988, 0.995) a | 0.988 (0.985, 0.991) a |
| Fair or poor health in 2009 | 8.146 (7.008, 9.469) a | 3.183 (2.469, 4.103) a | N/A |
| Work limitation in 2009 | N/A | N/A | 11.611 (10.182, 13.241) a |
The overall rate of fair or poor health increased from 18.1 percent in 2009 to 20.4 percent in 2017. The overall rate of having a work limitation increased from 19.9 percent in 2009 to 21.1 percent in 2017. All individuals in our sample were alive in 2009; the overall rate of death by 2017 was 11.4 percent. PSID sample weights to correct for oversampling and attrition over time were applied to obtain estimates representative of all US households.
a
Indicates significance at the alpha = 0.05 level. N/A means an explanatory variable is not included in a model.