TABLE 1.
Unadjusted characteristics of low‐income adults by level of unmet social needs (2017)
| Number of unmet social needs | χ 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0 N = 9711 |
1 N = 3282 |
2‐3 N = 4023 |
4+ N = 2438 |
||
| Age category | |||||
| 18‐24 | 10% | 13% | 14% | 10% | |
| 25‐34 | 14% | 18% | 20% | 24% | |
| 35‐44 | 13% | 16% | 20% | 22% | |
| 45‐54 | 11% | 14% | 15% | 20% | |
| 55‐64 | 15% | 14% | 16% | 17% | |
| 65+ | 37% | 24% | 15% | 7% | <0.001 |
| Male | 42% | 43% | 39% | 32% | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 67% | 57% | 56% | 58% | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 15% | 18% | 22% | 23% | |
| Non‐Hispanic other race | 4% | 5% | 4% | 3% | |
| Non‐Hispanic multi‐race | 1% | 2% | 2% | 3% | |
| Hispanic | 13% | 18% | 17% | 13% | <0.001 |
| Income‐level | |||||
| 0%‐100% FPL | 18% | 32% | 42% | 51% | |
| 101%‐200% FPL | 82% | 68% | 58% | 49% | <0.001 |
| Insured | 88% | 82% | 79% | 79% | <0.001 |
| Some college or higher | 40% | 39% | 37% | 38% | 0.033 |
| LGBT+ | 5% | 7% | 7% | 10% | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 16% | 21% | 30% | 45% | <0.001 |
| Heavy drinker | 4% | 5% | 4% | 5% | 0.154 |
| Fair or poor self‐rated health | 21% | 29% | 37% | 50% | <0.001 |
| Poor self‐rated mental health | 6% | 15% | 25% | 47% | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 8% | 9% | 15% | 25% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 14% | 16% | 16% | 16% | <0.001 |
| High blood pressure | 40% | 40% | 37% | 41% | 0.096 |
| Depression | 14% | 22% | 34% | 57% | <0.001 |
| Live in Medicaid expansion state | 47% | 44% | 46% | 44% | 0.009 |
N = 19 454 respondents, representing a population of 10.95 million low‐income adults. + LGBT + indicates a sexual orientation or gender identity of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, other, or unsure. Sexual orientation and gender identity were only available for 8 of the 12 reporting states, and thus, statistics may not be representative of the study sample. FPL is federal poverty level. χ 2 column indicates the p‐value for the chi‐square test for differences in proportions. All estimates are survey weighted.
Source: Author calculations from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.