Table 1.
Patient characteristics before initiation of ECMO
| Full cohort (n=1035) | ARDS cohort*(n=779) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49 (41–57) | 50 (42–57) | |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 31 (27–37) | 32 (28–37) | |
| Sex‡ | |||
| Male | 764 (74%) | 572 (74%) | |
| Female | 269 (26%) | 206 (26%) | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Black | 150 (14%) | 119 (15%) | |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 346 (33%) | 250 (32%) | |
| Asian | 152 (15%) | 86 (11%) | |
| Middle Eastern or North African | 35 (3%) | 26 (3%) | |
| Other | 27 (3%) | 21 (3%) | |
| Unknown | 54 (5%) | 38 (5%) | |
| Multiple | 53 (5%) | 51 (7%) | |
| Hispanic | 218 (21%) | 188 (24%) | |
| Pre-ECMO comorbidities | |||
| No comorbidity | 311 (30%) | 243 (31%) | |
| Cancer | 11 (1%) | 10 (1%) | |
| Immunocompromised | 24 (2%) | 21 (3%) | |
| Diabetes | 245 (24%) | 187 (24%) | |
| Pre-existing cardiac disease | 24 (2%) | 13 (2%) | |
| Pre-existing respiratory disease | 29 (3%) | 21 (3%) | |
| Pre-existing renal insufficiency | 21 (2%) | 14 (2%) | |
| Asthma | 110 (11%) | 91 (12%) | |
| Pregnancy | 22 (2%) | 13 (2%) | |
| Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 487 (47%) | 362 (47%) | |
| Acute illness | |||
| ARDS | 819 (79%) | 775 (100%) | |
| Acute heart failure | 50 (5%) | 25 (3%) | |
| Myocarditis | 22 (2%) | 7 (1%) | |
| Acute kidney injury | 301 (29%) | 247 (32%) | |
| Pre-ECMO cardiac arrest§ | 48 (5%) | 26 (3%) | |
| Pre-ECMO co-infection¶ | |||
| No co-infection | 646 (63%) | 479 (62%) | |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 337 (33) | 271 (35%) | |
| Viral co-infection | 90 (9%) | 60 (8%) | |
| Bloodstream infection | 123 (12%) | 106 (14%) | |
| Urinary tract infection | 38 (4%) | 31 (4%) | |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%). ARDS=acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMI=body-mass index. ECMO=extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
*
The ARDS cohort were the subset of ECMO-supported patients with COVID-19 who met the following two criteria: (1) classified by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization data manager as having ARDS, and (2) initial mode of ECMO support was venovenous ECMO.
†
Full cohort n=939; ARDS cohort n=698.
‡
Full cohort n=1033; ARDS cohort n=778.
§
Full cohort n=1019; ARDS cohort n=766.
¶
Full cohort n=1033; ARDS cohort n=777.