Table 1.
General characteristics of the pregnant women studied.
| Characteristics | Participants (n = 119)∗ |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 26.3 ± 5.7 |
| Gestational period, wk | 33.9 ± 4.1 |
| Categories of gestational period | |
| 27–31 wk | 37 (31.1) |
| 32–36 wk | 42 (35.3) |
| 37–41 wk | 40 (33.6) |
| Prepregnancy BMI | |
| Underweight or normal (<25 kg/m2) | 67 (56.3) |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 25 (21) |
| Obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) | 27 (22.7) |
| Gestational weight gain, kg/wk | 0.32 ± 0.15 |
| Number of previous pregnancies | |
| 0 | 37 (31.1) |
| 1 | 48 (40.3) |
| ≥2 | 34 (28.6) |
| Skin type† | |
| Very light or light | 22 (18.5) |
| Intermediate | 34 (28.6) |
| Tanned | 32 (26.9) |
| Brown or dark | 31 (26.1) |
| Cigarette smoking | |
| Yes | 8 (6.7) |
| No | 111 (93.3) |
| Alcohol consumption | |
| Yes | 14 (11.8) |
| No | 105 (88.2) |
| Physical exercise | |
| Yes | 10 (8.4) |
| No | 109 (91.6) |
| Education level | |
| Incomplete fundamental | 14 (11.8) |
| Complete fundamental | 53 (44.5) |
| Complete high school or more | 52 (43.7) |
| Season | |
| Winter | 28 (23.5) |
| Spring | 36 (30.3) |
| Summer | 27 (22.7) |
| Autumn | 28 (23.5) |
| Vitamin D status | |
| Insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) | 57 (47.9) |
| Sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L) | 62 (52.1) |
∗Values are mean ± standard deviation or number of observations (% frequency). †According to the individual typology angle (ITA).