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. 2020 Sep 16;2020:1408659. doi: 10.1155/2020/1408659

Table 2.

Serum concentrations of vitamin D biomarkers according to general characteristics of the adult Brazilian pregnant women studied.∗

  25(OH)D3 DBP PTH Free 25(OH)D3 Bioavailable 25(OH)D3
(nmoL/L) P † (mg/L) P (pg/mL) P (pg/mL) P (ng/mL) P
Gestational period                    
 27–31 wk 54.4 ± 14.3 0.145 825 ± 164 0.062 28.7 ± 13.6 0.560 1.38 ± 0.40 0.679 0.40 ± 0.14 0.369
 32–36 wk 49.4 ± 13.1 753 ± 146 31.5 ± 17.4 1.35 ± 0.38 0.37 ± 0.11
 37–41 wk 48.6 ± 14.1 760 ± 128 28.2 ± 13.3 1.30 ± 0.44 0.36 ± 0.13
BMI before pregnancy                    
 Underweight or normal 49.5 ± 13.2 0.513 768 ± 153 0.072 28.4 ± 13.7 0.632 1.35 ± 0.42ab 0.048 0.38 ± 0.13 0.065
 Overweight 53.3 ± 13.5 746 ± 144 30.3 ± 19.5 1.48 ± 0.42a 0.42 ± 0.14
 Obesity 51.2 ± 16.1 833 ± 130 31.6 ± 13.1 1.20 ± 0.31b 0.34 ± 0.96
Skin type                    
 Very light or light 50.3 ± 13.0 0.698 756 ± 131 0.311 34.1 ± 18.8 0.470 1.38 ± 0.43 0.877 0.38 ± 0.13 0.946
 Intermediate 52.6 ± 13.5 785 ± 152 28.9 ± 16.3 1.37 ± 0.37 0.39 ± 0.12
 Tanned 51.2 ± 14.5 814 ± 179 28.2 ± 11.2 1.31 ± 0.41 0.38 ± 0.13
 Brown or dark 48.5 ± 14.8 750 ± 155 28.3 ± 13.6 1.32 ± 0.43 0.37 ± 0.13
Previous pregnancy                    
 0 50.1 ± 14.4 0.137 788 ± 112 0.136 27.4 ± 15.9 0.537 1.29 ± 0.36 0.136 0.37 ± 0.12 0.086
 1 53.5 ± 14.2 774 ± 150 30.0 ± 14.3 1.43 ± 0.41 0.41 ± 0.13
 ≥2 47.4 ± 12.5 772 ± 181 31.2 ± 14.8 1.27 ± 0.41 0.35 ± 0.13
Gestational weight gain                    
 <0.30 kg/wk 50.2 ± 14.4 0.675 762 ± 133 0.238 28.6 ± 15.8 0.499 1.33 ± 0.41 0.792 0.38 ± 0.13 0.915
 ≥0.30 kg/wk 51.3 ± 13.6 795 ± 162 30.5 ± 13.9 1.35 ± 0.40 0.38 ± 0.12
Season                    
 Spring 58.7 ± 13.1a <0.001 841 ± 160a 0.019 31.1 ± 12.7 0.660 1.45 ± 0.38a 0.014 0.42 ± 0.12a 0.002
 Summer 52.5 ± 13.4ab 761 ± 159ab 26.7 ± 15.0 1.42 ± 0.43ab 041 ± 0.13ab
 Autumn 48.4 ± 13.8bc 757 ± 120ab 29.1 ± 16.5 1.31 ± 0.41ab 0.36 ± 0.12abc
 Winter 41.1 ± 8.6c 735 ± 126b 30.6 ± 16.2 1.15 ± 0.33b 0.31 ± 0.99c

∗Values are unadjusted mean ± standard deviation. P†Values for unadjusted least square means (LSD) post hoc test. For each exposure variable, different superscript letters indicate significant difference between categories on the outcome variable (25(OH)D3, DBP, PTH, free 25(OH)D3, and bioavailable 25(OH)D3).