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Antioxidant defense in neurodegenerative disorder. The radicals generated in the brain mitochondria cause damage to its DNA. Increased NADPH oxidase (NOX), nuclear factor κ B (NFκB), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may cause imbalance in the neurotransmitter production. Antioxidant, on the other hand, reverses this action.
