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. 2020 Sep 8;117(38):23484–23489. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2000804117

Table 2.

Effects of school shootings on youth antidepressant use

Fatal Nonfatal
2 y 3 y 2 y 3 y
ln(antidepressant prescriptions)
 Treatment × post 0.213*** 0.245*** 0.0187 0.0603
(0.064) (0.079) (0.060) (0.053)
Antidepressant prescription rate per 1,000
 Treatment × post 1.982** 2.645** 1.674 0.348
(0.940) (1.241) (1.219) (0.701)
 Relative to mean 0.206** 0.297** 0.163 0.037
Schools 15 12 29 24
Observations 1,412 1,410 2,601 2,718

The table reports output from estimation of our primary difference-indifference specification. We regress measures of antidepressant prescriptions for individuals under age 20 at the school–area–month level on an indicator denoting months in or after a school shooting (“post”), an interaction between the post indicator and an indicator denoting treatment areas, month-by-year fixed effects, and school-by-area fixed effects. The treatment (reference) areas include providers practicing 0 to 5 miles (10 to 15 miles) from an affected school. All regressions are weighted by school enrollment, and standard errors (reported in parentheses) are clustered at the school-by-area level. **P<0.05***P<0.01.