Table. Characteristics of Study Participants, 1999-2016a.
| Characteristic | No. (weighted %) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Family income to poverty ratio ≥5 (n = 7926) | Family income to poverty ratio <5 (n = 37 060) | ||
| Age, y | <.001 | ||
| 20-39 | 2307 (28.3) | 13 493 (41.2) | |
| 40-59 | 3290 (50.3) | 10 840 (34.1) | |
| ≥60 | 2329 (21.4) | 12 727 (24.7) | |
| Sex | <.001 | ||
| Men | 4094 (51.9) | 17 590 (46.8) | |
| Women | 3832 (48.1) | 19 470 (53.2) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 5012 (84.2) | 15 807 (64.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1183 (5.6) | 8059 (12.9) | |
| Hispanic and Mexican | 881 (4.1) | 10 421 (16.1) | |
| Other | 850 (6.1) | 2773 (6.5) | |
| Marital statusb | <.001 | ||
| Not married | 2374 (28.2) | 18 642 (48.8) | |
| Married | 5464 (71.8) | 18 018 (51.2) | |
| Educational levelc | <.001 | ||
| Without high school diploma/GED certificate | 417 (3.8) | 11 936 (22.4) | |
| With high school diploma/GED certificate | 1077 (13.7) | 9269 (26.9) | |
| Some college or associate’s degree | 2174 (27.1) | 10 385 (32.2) | |
| College degree or higher | 4256 (55.4) | 5416 (18.5) | |
| Citizenship statusd | <.001 | ||
| US citizenship | 7488 (96.5) | 31 307 (89.7) | |
| Non-US citizenship | 436 (3.5) | 5700 (10.3) | |
| BMIe | <.001 | ||
| ≥30 (obesity) | 2285 (29.2) | 12 894 (36.5) | |
| <30 (no obesity) | 5177 (70.8) | 21 851 (63.5) | |
| SBPf | <.001 | ||
| ≥130 mm Hg (high) | 1956 (25.1) | 10 311(27.9) | |
| <130 mm Hg (not high) | 4957 (74.9) | 21 346 (72.1) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); GED, General Educational Development; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2016 (N = 44 986). The highest-resources group cutoff was defined by income to poverty ratio of 5 or higher in the NHANES data sets.
b
Marital status was missing for 488 participants.
c
Educational level was missing for 56 participants.
d
Citizenship status was missing for 55 participants.
e
BMI was missing for 2779 participants.
f
SBP was missing for 6416 participants.