Table 2.

Different variants of FA

S.no	Variant name	Concept behind the variant	Modification in parameters	References
1.	Hybridized FA	FA combined with IFCM	Optimal membership matrix and cluster center	[52]
2.	Chaotic FA	Embedding of Chaotic map in firefly algorithm	Replacing the random variables with chaotic variables	[48]
3.	Binary FA	Use of normalized Hamming distance for computing attractiveness	Dynamic mutation operator for increasing diversity of fireflies	[53]
4.	Modified FA	Inclusion of wrapper based feature selection with binary firefly	Feature subset evaluation by SVM  Use of normalized hamming distance for attractiveness  Dynamic mutation operator for diversity	[54]
5.	Adaptive FA	Use of mediator model in firefly algorithm	Use of mediator model to adjust the parameters	[55]
6.	Opposition	Opposition based learning	Hybridization of opposition based learning with firefly algorithm	[56]