Table 3.

Clinical and pathological features of metastatic and non-metastatic adult granulosa cell tumors

	Metastatic adult tGrCT, n = 7 (%)	Non-metastatic adult tGrCT, n = 66 (%)	P value
Age (years)	Available 7/7	Available 66/66
Mean (± SD)	45 (± 14)	42 (± 19)	0.659
< 50 years	3 (43)	35 (53)
≥ 50 years	4 (57)	31 (47)	0.223
Tumor size (mm)	Available 6/7	Available 59/66
Median (IQR)	70 (51–90)	24 (14–42)	0.001
< 46 mm	0 (0)	49 (83)
≥ 46 mm	6 (100)	10 (17)	< 0.001
Tumor markers	Available 7/7	Available 35/66
APF	0 (0)	1 (2)
HCG	0 (0)	1 (2)
LDH	0 (0)	1 (2)
Clinical presentation	Available 7/7	Available 35/66
Median time to diagnosis	7 months	24 months	0.364
Testicular enlargement	3 (43)	18 (27)	0.754
Palpable mass	2 (29)	13 (20)	0.960
Gynecomastia	2 (29)	2 (3)	0.019
Incidental finding	1 (14)	2 (3)	0.453
Hormonal changes	1 (14) (T↓, FSH/LH↑)	2 (3)	0.102
Infertility	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Scrotal pain	0 (0)	6 (9)	0.316
Pathology features	Available: 7/7	Available: 47/66
Angiolymphatic invasion	4 (57)	2 (4)	0.002
Necrosis	2 (29)	4 (9)	0.115
Pleomorphism	2 (29)	5 (11)	0.103
High mitotic index	2 (29)	8 (17)	0.109
Extracapsular growth	2 (29)	2 (4)	0.771
Infiltrating margins	1 (14)	0 (0)	0.299
Atypias	0 (0)	1 (2)	0.3
Staining
Inhibin	4 (57)	13 (28)	0.641
Vimentin	3 (43)	23 (49)	0.148
Calretinin	0 (0)	8 (17)	–

Normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed using the independent samples t test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed continuous variables. The Chi-square test was used for categorical variables

SD standard deviation, tGrCT testicular granulosa cell tumor, IQR inter quartile range, AFP alpha fetoprotein, HCG human chorionic gonadotropin, LDH lactate dehydrogenase