Table 1.
Characteristics and information of studies evaluated in this meta-analysis.
| Authors (Reference) | Publication year | City | Sample size | Dependent Variable (mean±SD) | NOS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bashirian [13] | 2018 | Hamedan | T:988 | DMFT: | Dmft: | 9 |
| B:503 | T: 0.79±1.53 | T: 3.61±3.58 | ||||
| G:485 | B: 0.63±1.17 | B: 4.04±3.78 | ||||
| G: 0.96±1.49 | G: 3.16±3.31 | |||||
| DT: 0.33±0.85 | dt: 2.68±3.05 | |||||
| MT: 0.009±0.13 | mt: 0.60±1.12 | |||||
| FT: 0.44±1.04 | ft : 0.32±0.93 | |||||
| Shaghaghian [14] | 2018 | Shiraz | T:396 | Dmft | Dental caries: 69.9% CF: 30.1% | 8 |
| B:202 | T: 3.88±3.9 | |||||
| G:194 | B: 3.95±4.05 | |||||
| G: 3.82±3.75 | ||||||
| Esmaeilzadeh [15] | 2017 | Jolfa, East Azerbaijan | T:146 | DMFT: | Dental caries: 92.5% | 4 |
| B:80 | T: 4.3±2.93 | |||||
| G:46 | B: 4.38±2.26 | |||||
| G: 4.21±3.60 | ||||||
| D: 5.37±3.55 | ||||||
| Usefi [16] | 2017 | Bovair Ahmad | T:460 | DMFT: | Dmft: | 8 |
| B:244 | T: 0.86±1.31 | T: 3.57±3.12 | ||||
| G:216 | B: 0.76±1.19 | B: 3.69±3.25 | ||||
| G: 1.0±1.42 | G: 3.43±2.98 | |||||
| Dental caries: 89.8% | ||||||
| Jafari [17] | 2017 | Hashtrood, Tabriz | 335 | DMFT: 2.09±2.2 | Dmft: 4.08±3.51 | 7 |
| DT: 3.34±1.54 | dt: 4.77±2.42 | |||||
| MT: 1.67±1.19 | mt: 1.95±1.28 | |||||
| FT: 1.46±0.66 | ft : 2.0±1.27 | |||||
| Mehralian [18] | 2017 | Qazvin | T:373 | DMFT: 3.53±4.22 | Dmft: 5.66±4.63 | 6 |
| B:206 | DT: 3.1±3.57 | dt: 4.98±4.32 | ||||
| G:167 | MT: 0.12±0.43 | mt: 0.11±0.38 | ||||
| FT: 0.3±0.81 | ft : 0.13±0.57 | |||||
| Amiri [19] | 2017 | Ahvaz | T:359 | dmft: | Dental caries: 87.7% | 4 |
| B:161 | T: 2.62±2.15 | |||||
| G:198 | B: 2.87±2.33 | |||||
| G: 2.41±1.97 | ||||||
| CF: 12.3% | ||||||
| Sistani [20] | 2017 | Babol | T:2080 | dmft: | G: 4.05±4.02 | 4 |
| B:1111 | T: 4.01±3.89 | CF:26.3% | ||||
| G:969 | B: 3.98±3.79 | Dental caries: 73.7% | ||||
| KhaniVarzegani [21] | 2017 | Tabriz | T:756 | dmft | CF; | 7 |
| B:389 | T: 4 (2-8) | T:15.2% | ||||
| G:367 | B: 4 (2-9) | M: 17.2% | ||||
| G: 5 (2-8) | F: 13.1% | |||||
| Khodadadi [22] | 2016 | Babol | T:384 | dmft: | dt=6.5±4.35 | 5 |
| B:204 | T: 8.2±7.65 | mt= 0.4±1.1 | ||||
| G:180 | B: 8.5±7.79 | ft=1.2±2.2 | ||||
| G: 7.6±7.4 | ||||||
| Mahmoudi [23] | 2016 | Fasa | T:4405 B:2031 G:2347 | DMFT: T: 1.26±1.64 B: 1.23±1.74 G: 1.29±1.55 DT: 1.0±1.46 MT: 0.12±0.48 FT: 0.15±0.63 | Dmft: T: 4.45±3.43 B: 4.51±3.41 G: 4.40±3.44 dt: 3.32±3.00 mt: 0.97±1.43 ft : 0.16±0.70 SiC: 10.18±2.23 CF: 6.8% | 8 |
| Marasouli [24] | 2016 | Urmia | T:93/ B:70/G:23 | DMFT: 2.55 | Dmft: 2.5 | 3 |
| Eskandarizadeh [25] | 2016 | Kerman | T:300 B:150 G:150 | Dmft T: 4.63±2.41 B: 5.07±2.38 | G: 4.2±2.4 SiC: 7.34±1.34 | 6 |
| Golkari [26] | 2016 | Shiraz | T:335 B:158 G:177 | DMFT: 1.22±1.5 G:1.00 B: 1.3 Dmft: 2.8±2.5 | Dental caries: 75.5% in primary dentition and 47.5% in permanent dentition | 7 |
| Rahimian Emam [27] | 2015 | Zahedan | 100 | DMFT: 2.29±1.67 | 5 | |
| Asdagh [28] | 2015 | Ardabil | T:847 B:403 G:444 | DMFT: 1.6±0.1 dmft: 2.74±0.09 DMFS: 3.5±0.1 | Dental caries: 79.7% (88.3% in primary dentition and 71.1% in permanent dentition) | 7 |
| Alimorad [29] | 2015 | Bandar Abbas | T:768 B:384 G:384 | DMFT: T:1.8±1.87 B: 1.98±1.84 G: 1.61±1.89 DT: 1.74±1.83 | MT: 0±0.05 FT: 0.32±1.80 Dental caries: T:65.2% B: 71.4%, G:59.1% (permanent dentition), CF:34.8% | 7 |
| 2015 | Bandar Abbas | T:768 B:384 G:384 | DMFT: T:1.8±1.87 B: 1.98±1.84 G: 1.61±1.89 DT: 1.74±1.83 | MT: 0±0.05 FT: 0.32±1.80 Dental caries: T:65.2% B: 71.4% G:59.1% (permanent dentition) CF:34.8% | 7 | |
| Banihashemi-Rad [30] | 2015 | Mashhad | T:552 B:161 G:391 | DMFT: B:1.25±1.22 G: 1.3±1.3 dmft: B:3.43±2.43 G: 3.28±2.56 CF: 4.1% | Dental caries: 95.5% (85% in primary dentition and 60% in permanent dentition) | 7 |
| Bahrolooloomi [31] | 2014 | Yazd | T:400/ B:200 G:200 | DMFT/dmft: T: 5.09±1.95 | B: 5.12±2.02 G: 5.07±1.89 | 6 |
| Sajadi [32] | 2014 | Sirjan, Kerman | B:700 | DMFT: 3.56±2.34 | SiC: 6.04±1.32 CF:20.3% | 8 |
| Khosravani [33] | 2014 | Shiraz | 974 | DMFT: T: 0.94±1.46 B: 0.93±1.49 | G: 0.96±1.44 CF:58.7% | 5 |
| Kalantari [34] | 2014 | Shemiranat, Tehran | T:400 B:204 G:196 | dmft:2.46 CF:36.2% Dental caries: 63.4% (in primary dentition) | 7 | |
| Mehrabkhani [35] | 2014 | Mashhad m | T:143/ B:80/ G:64 | dmft: 6.1±5.4 | Dental caries: 81.8% (in primary dentition) | 4 |
| Gharibi [36] | 2014 | Paveh | B:1104 | DMFT: 7.91±3.78 DT: 4.71±2.72 MT: 1.70±2.04 | FT: 1.50±1.95 CF: 4.4% | 9 |
| Mohebbi [37] | 2014 | Tehran | T: 499/ B:240 G:259 | DMFT:11.74±6.78 DT: 4.38±3.67 | MT: 4.29±6.41 FT: 3.07±3.23 | 4 |
| Asgari [38] | 2014 | Isfahan | T: 592 B:280 G:312 | DMFT: T: 2.79±2.7 B: 2.78 G: 2.80 | DT: 1.39±1.7 MT: 0.13±0.4 FT: 1.29±2.16 CF: 26% SiC: 5.8±2.1 | 7 |
| Ahmadi-Motamayel [39] | 2013 | Hamedan | T:200 B:100 G:100 | DMFT: 7.89±3.48 DT: 3.26±2.90 | MT: 1.02±1.45 FT: 3.70±3.85 | 5 |
| Nabipour [40] | 2013 | Varamin | T:838 B:472 G:366 | dmft: T: 3.99±4.036 B: 3.93±4.04 G: 4.07±4.03 | Urban: 3.91±4.04 Rural: 4.62±3.98 Dental caries: 78.1% (in primary dentition) CF: 28.2% | 7 |
| Nokhostin [41] | 2013 | Kermanshah | 1050 | DMFT: T: 0.36±0.8 B: 0.40±0.87 G: 0.31±0.74 | dmft: T: 3.04±2.65 B: 3.22±2.71 | 6 |
| Abedini [42] | 2013 | Kashan | T:310 B:159 G:151 | dmft: T: 1.57±2.3 B: 1.57±2.39 | G: 1.58±2.3 CF: 51.3% | 6 |
| Faezi [43] | 2013 | Tehran | G:950 | DMFT: 3.56±2.652 in 12 years, 2.961±4.26 | in 13 years and 4.38±2.899 in 14 years | 7 |
| Hazavei [44] | 2012 | Hamedan | T:268 B:135 G:133 | DMFT: T: 2.25±1.74 | B: 1.81±1.65 G: 2.71±1.71 | 5 |
| Jessri [45] | 2012 | Tehran | T:1271 B:577 G:694 | DMFT:2.70±2.14 dmft: 2.30±2.42 | Dental caries: 85.14% (65.9% in primary dentition and 70.2% in permanent dentition) | 6 |
| Deyhimi [46] | 2011 | Isfahan | T:202/ B:82/ G:120 | DMFT:4.43±4.494 | 7 | |
| Davari [47] | 2011 | Yazd | B:475 | DMFT: 4.8±3.13 DT: 3.72±2.87 MT: 0.33±0.92 FT: 0.75±1.67 CF:11.5% | DMFT: 4.85±3.51 DT: 3.51±3.1, MT: 0.2±0.7 FT: 1.15±2.1 CF:12.5% Dental caries: 87.5% | 4 |
| Eslamipour [48] | 2011 | Isfahan | T:810 B:371 G:439 | 7 | ||
| Ghasempour [49] | 2011 | Babol | T:600 B:300 G:300 | Caries prevalence: T: 65.7% B: 66% | G: 65.4% CF: 34.3% | 5 |
| Sadeghi [50] | 2011 | Rafsanjan, Kerman | T:747 B:353 G:394 | DMFT T: 2.83 ± 2.2 B: 3.15 ± 2.1 G: 2.51 ± 2.3 | DT: 2.03 ± 2.1 MT: 0.16 ± 0.5 FT: 0.64 ± 1.3 CF: 16.1% | 7 |
| Aghighi [51] | 2010 | Tehran | T:4666 B:2169 G:2497 | DMFT: 3.50±2.7 Dental Caries: T: 89.3% | B: 87.4% G: 91.2% CF: 10.7% | 5 |
| Karimi Zarchi [52] | 2010 | Tehran | T:401 B:202 G:199 | DMFT: T:1.01±1.47 B: 0.93±1.44 G: 1.08±1.49 DT:1.01±1.47 MT:0.61±1.51 FT:0.42±0.95 | dmft: T: 5.29±3.52 B: 5.48±3.61 G: 5.09±0.42 dt: 3.01±2.95 mt: 0.47±0.88 ft: 1.78±2.0 | 7 |
| Mohebbi [53] | 2009 | Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi | T:529 B:266 G:263 | DMFT: T:1.04±0.22 B:1.02±0.17 G:1.07±0.28 DT: 0.78±0.38 MT:0.17±0.18 FT:0.09±0.12 | dmft: T: 3.86±1.11 B: 3.74±1.07 G: 3.99±1.16 dt: 2.62±1.65 mt: 0.77±0.96 ft: 0.47±0.84 CF: 8.3% | 8 |
| Torabi [54] | 2009 | Kerman | T:154/ M:60/ F:94 | DMFT:10.88±6.47 Men:11.05±6.19 | Femal:10.85±6.65 CF: 0% | 6 |
| Sadeghi [55] | 2009 | Rafsanjan, Kerman | T:353 B:180 G:173 | DMFT: T: 2.46 ± 2 B: 2.78 ± 1.8 | G: 2.13 ± 2.1 CF: 20.7% | 5 |
| Hematyar [56] | 2009 | Tehran | T:200/B:106/G:94 | dmft: 2.32±2.56 | Dental Caries: 63.5 % | 7 |
| Seyed Akhavan [57] | 2008 | Karaj | T:768 B:384 G:384 | DMFT: B: 3.59±2.59 G: 2.67±2.21 | CF: B: 13.5% G: 21.9% | 7 |
| Hamissi [58] | 2008 | Qazvin | T:780 B:390 G:390 | DMFT: 2.71±0.86 B: 2.88±0.61 G: 2.54±0.71 | DT: 2.23±0.90 MT: 0.23±0.86 FT: 0.25±0.07 CF: 24.5% | 5 |
| Yazdani [59] | 2008 | Tehran | T:500 B:260 G:246 | DMFT; T: 2.1 B:2.0, G:2.2 DT=0.9, MT= 0.2, and | FT=1.0 SiC:5.2 CF; T: 40%, B:44% and G:37% | 7 |
| Eskandarian [60] | 2006 | Shiraz | T:280/ B:150/ G:130 | dmft: 2.87±3.26 | 6 | |
| Broumand [61] | 2006 | Tehran | T:170/B:88/G:82 | DMFT:3.117 | Dental Caries: 70.8%/CF: 29.2% | 4 |
| Meyer-Lueckel [62] | 2006 | Tehran, Semnan | T:523 B:256 G:267 | 1) in 6-year-old pupils in Tehran dmft: T: 3.3±2.7 B: 3.0±2.1 G: 3.5±3.1 dt:1.3, mt: 0.1 and ft:1.7, CF: 17% 2) in 6-year-old pupils in Semnan dmft: T: 3.3±2.9 B: 4.2±3.1 G: 2.4±2.5 dt:3.0, mt:0.2 and ft: 0.1, CF: 19% CF: 30% | 3) in 9-year-old pupils in Tehran, dmft: T: 2.6±2.2; B: 3.0±2.5; G: 2.4±2.1 dt:1.0, mt:NR and ft:1.4, CF:23% 4) in 9-year-old pupils in Semnan, dmft: T: 2.1±2 B: 2.5±2.0 G: 2.1±2.0 dt: 2.1, mt: NR and ft: 0.2, | 4 |
| Javadinejad [63] | 2006 | Isfahan | 340 | DMFT: 2.4 | SiC:4.6 | 4 |
| Salem [64] | 2006 | Langrood, Lahijan, Siahkal | T:885 B:454 G:431 | 1) Langrood DMFT; T:1.65±1.61 B:1.68±1.61 G:1.61±1.5 DT:1.39, MT:0.06 and FT:0.2 CF: 33.3% | 2) Lahijan /DMFT; T:1.49±1.56; B:1.29±1.44; G:1.70±1.68; DT:1.1, MT:0.02 and FT:0.37; CF: 39.3% 3) Siahkal DMFT; T:1.60±1.4; B:1.45±1.38 G:1.77±1.51; DT:1.38, MT:0.15 and FT:0.07; CF: 34.4% | 6 |
| Houshmand [65] | 2006 | Hamedan | T:238/ B:113/ G:125 | Caries prevalence: T:85.3% B:85.8% | G:84.8% CF: 14.7% | 4 |
| Ajami [66] | 2006 | Mashhad | T:1938 B:948 G:990 | T:1938 B:948 G:990 | 1)Teheran DMFT:1.10 ±1.50 DFS:1.59 ±2.59 CF: 52.3% 2)Villages near Esfahan DMFT:0.38 ±0.82 DFS: 0.70 ±1.73 CF: 77.3% | 4 |
| Momeni [67] | 2006 | Teheran Isfahan | 1102 | 4 | ||
| Toomarian [68] | 2005 | Qom | T:300 B:150 G:150 | DMFT; T:2.28 ±2.1 B:2.78 ±2.18 | G:2.87 ±2.03 SiC:5.15±1.45 CF: 10.7% | 7 |
| Vejdani [69] | 2005 | Guilan | T:261/B:111/G:147 | dmft:1.79 | CF: 36.4% ECC: 28% | 5 |
| Daneshkazemi [70] | 2005 | Yazd | T:1223 B:654 G:569 | DMFT: T:1.8±1.75 B:1.95±1.91 | G:1.65±1.55 Dental caries: 74.73% CF; T: 28.6%, B: 27.25%, G: 30.05% | 5 |
| Kazerouni [71] | 2005 | Tehran | T:1024 B:528 G:496 | DMFT:1.5±1.5 DT:1.9±1.2 MT:0.1±0.5 FT:0.2±0.7 | dmft:6.2±2.7 dt:3.6±2.6 mt:1.2±1.6 ft:1.2±1.9 CF: 22.1% | 6 |
| Davari [72] | 2004 | Ardakan | T:607 B:303 G:304 | DMFT:1.45±1.5 DT:1.141±1.41 MT:0.0779±0.34 | FT:0.235±0.67 CF: 41% | 6 |
| Ramezani [73] | 2004 | Dayer, Boshehr | T:506 B:281 G:225 | DMFT; T:1.8±1.7, B:1.98±1.67 G:1.65±1.76 | DT=1.62±1.66, MT= 0.04±0.22, FT=0.13±0.45 | 4 |
| Ghandehari [74] | 2003 | Tehran | T:400 B:240 G:160 | Dmft T: 2.45 B:2.41 G:2.51 | dt: 1.95, mt:0.43, ft:0.07 CF: 48.3% | 5 |
| Ghandehari-Motlagh [75] | 2003 | Guilan | T:144 B:76 G:68 | DMFT T:1.68±1.78 B:1.44±1.64 G:1.96±1.91 | DT:1.47±1.65 MT:0.28±0.14 FT:0.18±0.67 CF: 36.1% | 6 |
| Saneie [76] | 2003 | Khomain | T:713 B:365 G:348 | DMFT T: 0.15±0.53 B:0.12±0.47 G:0.18±0.59 Urban: 0.15±0.53 Rural: 0.19±0.60 | dental caries: 84.1% in primary dentition and11.8% in permanent dentition /dmft T:4.02±3.34 B: 4.26±3.57 G: 3.76±3.08 Urban: 3.88±3.38 Rural: 4.30±3.27 | 8 |
| Fani [77] | 2003 | Bavanat, Fars | T:407/B:271/ G:136 | DMFT/ T:2.25±1.9 B:2.33±1.98 | G:2.09±1.73 CF: 25.6% | 8 |
| Mortazavi [78] | 2002 | Boshehr | T:506/ B:281/ G:225 | DMFT:1.8±2.33 DT: 1.62±1.66 | MT: 0.04±0.22 FT: 0.13±0.45 | 3 |
| Memar [79] | 2000 | Sanandaj | T:439/ B:224/ G:215 | DMFT T:2.6±2.33 B: 2.67±1.79 | G: 2.52±1.84 CF: 15.7% | 8 |
| Eskandarizadeh [80] | 1999 | Sirjan | T:300 B:15 G:150 | Caries prevalence: 65.3% | CF ;T: 34.7% B:39.3%, G:30% | 4 |
| Gholami [81] | 1998 | Tehran | 254 | DMFT:5.5±3.6 | CF: 57% | 3 |
Abbreviations: NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; T: total; B: boy: G: girl; DMFT: the decayed, missing, filled teeth for permanent teeth; DT: decayed teeth in permanent teeth; MT: missing teeth in permanent teeth; FT: filled teeth in permanent teeth; dmft: the decayed, missing, filled teeth for primary teeth; dt: decayed teeth in primary teeth; mt: missing teeth in primary teeth; ft: filled teeth in primary teeth; CF: caries free; SiC: Significant Caries; ECC: Early Childhood Caries; MMS: Multistage Stratified Sampling; SCS: Stratified Cluster sampling.