Table 2.
Comparison of clinical and biochemical features between normal glucose-tolerant women (group A) and women diagnosed with GDM (group B and group C) at 24-28 weeks of gestation based on the NHS risk stratification criteria.
| Maternal characteristics | Group A Normal glucose-tolerant women (N = 550) |
Group B HR women with GDM (N = 67) |
Group C MR and LR women with GDM (N = 121) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 31.2 ± 5.4 | 33.0 ± 4.0‡ | 33.2 ± 5.7∗ |
| Pregravid BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 2.8 | 31.9 ± 3.8‡ | 25.5 ± 2.0∗,∗∗ |
| Family history of T2D | 170 (30.9%) | 53 (79.1%)‡ | 75 (62.0%)∗,∗∗ |
| Previous GDM | 20 (3.6%) | 20 (29.9%)‡ | 0 |
| Parity > 1 | 168 (30.6%) | 37 (55.2%)‡ | 64 (52.9%)∗ |
| Previous macrosomia | 9 (1.6%) | 5 (7.5%)‡ | 7 (5.8%) |
| Glucose, fasting (mg/dL) | 79.2 ± 6.1 | 94.1 ± 10.6‡ | 91.6 ± 8.1∗ |
| Glucose, 1 h after OGTT (mg/dL) | 124.6 ± 26.0 | 175.8 ± 31.2‡ | 168.7 ± 28.5∗ |
| Glucose, 2 h after OGTT (mg/dL) | 100.2 ± 19.5 | 142.8 ± 32.3‡ | 130.9 ± 31.4∗,∗∗ |
| Insulin treatment | — | 32 (47.8%)‡ | 39 (32.2%)∗∗ |
| Cesarean section | 124 (22.5%) | 31 (46.3%)‡ | 41 (33.9%)∗ |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or N (%). HR: high risk; MR: medium risk; LR: low risk; BMI: body mass index; T2D: type 2 diabetes; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test. Differences between groups are compared with the Mann-Whitney test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. ‡P < 0.05 group A vs. group B; ∗P < 0.05 group A vs. group C; ∗∗P < 0.05 group B vs. group C.