Table 2.
Dietary intake and energy expenditure according to diagnosis group
| Controls | MCI | AD dementia | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary intake | ||||
| FFQ, N | 96 | 52 | 71 | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2022 ± 61 | 2172 ± 80 | 1991 ± 71 | 0.196 |
| Protein (EN%) | 15.2 ± 0.3 | 15.5 ± 0.4 | 15.1 ± 0.3 | 0.688 |
| Carbohydrate (EN%) | 41.4 ± 0.7 | 41.2 ± 1.0 | 40.2 ± 0.8 | 0.572 |
| Fat (EN%) | 34.5 ± 0.6 | 34.5 ± 0.8 | 34.2 ± 0.7 | 0.948 |
| 3-day food diary, N | 40 | 22 | 30 | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2081 ± 71 | 2042 ± 93 | 2000 ± 83 | 0.787 |
| Protein (EN%) | 17.0 ± 0.6 | 15.8 ± 0.7 | 15.2 ± 0.6 | 0.079 |
| Carbohydrate (EN%) | 40.5 ± 1.2 | 42.6 ± 1.5 | 42.0 ± 1.4 | 0.540 |
| Fat (EN%) | 35.0 ± 1.0 | 36.0 ± 1.3 | 37.1 ± 1.2 | 0.424 |
| Energy expenditure | ||||
| Resting energy expenditure, N | 38 | 22 | 28 | |
| Fasted (hours) | 14.1 ± 0.3 | 14.6 ± 0.4 | 13.7 ± 0.4 | 0.308 |
| Oxygen consumption (ml/min) | 229 ± 5 | 257 ± 7a | 248 ± 6 | 0.007 |
| Carbon dioxide production (ml/min) | 184 ± 4 | 201 ± 6 | 188 ± 5 | 0.076 |
| REE (kcal/day) | 1578 ± 34 | 1762 ± 48a | 1691 ± 43a | 0.009 |
| REE (kcal/kg FFM) | 30.8 ± 0.7 | 34.5 ± 0.9a | 33.2 ± 0.8 | 0.007 |
| Physical activity, N | 11 | 10 | 10 | |
| Wear time (min/day) | 881.9 ± 23.1 | 868.5 ± 26.4 | 869.7 ± 24.5 | 0.911 |
| Total (min) | 328.5 ± 28.3 | 358.5 ± 32.3 | 302.8 ± 30.0 | 0.505 |
| Light (min) | 305.3 ± 26.4 | 322.9 ± 30.1 | 272.0 ± 28.0 | 0.486 |
| Low light (min) | 223.8 ± 16.5 | 222.5 ± 19.8 | 201.5 ± 17.6 | 0.613 |
| High light (min) | 81.5 ± 15.4 | 100.4 ± 17.6 | 70.4 ± 16.3 | 0.514 |
| Moderate to vigorous (min) | 15.0 [2.9–45.1] | 22.7 [4.5–51.0] | 25.3 [12.6–54.2] | 0.461 |
Data in mean ± SE; median [interquartile range]; intake: ANOVA adjusted for age, sex, education, and BMI; REE: ANOVA post-hoc Bonferroni adjusted for age, sex, education, and FFM; physical activity: ANOVA adjusted for age, sex, and education
AD Alzheimer’s disease, MCI mild cognitive impairment, FFQ food frequency questionnaire, EN% energy percentage, FFM fat free mass, REE resting energy expenditure
aSignificantly different from controls upon post-hoc testing