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. 2020 Sep 26;13:163. doi: 10.1186/s13068-020-01802-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Time courses of ABE fermentation by C. acetobutylicum in the presence of four PCs. Each PC was added 12 h after the beginning of fermentation. Con, Van, Coum, Syr, and Fer denote the control, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, syringaldehyde, and ferulic acid samples, respectively. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three biological replicates