Table 2. Short description of studies included in the systematic review.

Study #	Authors (Year) Country	Aim	Participants (age, population group, number)	Method/ instrument and author	Content of instruments/interviews	Findings
1	McArdle and Lambie (2018), New Zealand	Describe prevalence of probable mental health disorder and related needs among young people in secure facilities in New Zealand	13 - 17 yrs (n=204) admitted to a Youth Justice residence	Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument Version 2 (MAYSI-2). Grisso & Barnum (2006)	52 items, 7 scales of mental health or behavioural problems: Alcohol/drug use Angry-irritable Depressed-anxious Somatic complaints Suicide ideation Thought disturbance (only for male participants) Traumatic experience	High levels of mental, emotional and behavioral problems High rates of problem in drug and alcohol use One fifth of the sample were in the caution or warning range for the Suicide Ideation scale
2	Dorsey et al. (2015), Tanzania	Identify mental health problems of children orphaned in the Moshi, Tanzania area who were being cared for in family homes	7-13 yrs (n=37) with their guardians and “local experts” (n=34)	Free listing interviews (for children participants and their guardians) Key informant interviews (for “local experts”)	Free listings interviews: What are the different problems that children who are orphans in this community might experience? Key informant interviews: What happens to children when mistreatment/abuse happens? What do people do to help children with these feelings and behaviour? What should they do to help with these feelings and behaviour? What happens to children when not feeling loved happens? What do people do to help children with these feelings and behaviour? What should they do to help with these feelings and behaviour? Tell us more about stress/overthinking. What causes this? What do people currently do about it? What should people do about it?	Mistreatment/abuse Discrimination Isolation Emotional and behavioral problems (e.g. stress/over thinking)
3	Duinhof et al. (2015), The Netherlands	Investigate trends in Dutch adolescents; self-reported emotional and behavioral problems between 2003 and 2013	11-16 yrs, secondary education (n=29,352)	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Goodman (1977)	Five subscales, each including 5 items scored on a three point Likert scale: Conduct problems Emotional problems Hyperactivity Peer problems Prosocial behaviour, Strengths	Low mean levels of conduct problems, emotional problems & peer problems Moderate mean levels for hyperactivity Stable emotional and behavioral problem levels
4	Anmyr et al. (2012), Sweden	Explore and compare how children with cochlear implants, their parents and their teachers perceive the children’s mental health in terms of emotional and behavioral strengths and difficulties	9, 12 & 15 yrs with cochlear implants (n=22), their parent (n=22) and their teacher (n=17)	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Goodman (1977)	Five subscales, each including 5 items scored on a three point Likert scale: Conduct problems Emotional problems Hyperactivity Peer problems Prosocial behaviour	Infrequent complaints of psychosomatic symptoms (emotional symptoms) Emotional difficulties caused by new situations and many fears Get on better with adults than others of their own age (peer problems) Difficulties with concentrating and staying still for a long time (hyperactivity-inattention)
5	West et al. (2012), USA	Determine the mental health and service needs of American Indian youth and families in the Chicago area in order to develop culturally-appropriate services to meet these needs	American Indian youth (up to 25 yrs) and families (n=107)	Focus groups	Sample questions from the focus group guide: What are some of the problems that youth in our community face today? What do you hear about mental health services in our community? What would life be like for youth in a healthy family and community?	Positive and negative mental health indicators Factors of risk and/or protection Definitions of mental illness Service systems needs Barriers to assessing services Acceptability of existing services
6	Gretton & Clift (2011), Canada	Identify the prevalence of mental disorders and mental health needs among incarcerated male and female youths in Canada	12-20 yrs (n=205)	Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument Version 2 (MAYSI-2). Grisso & Barnum (2006) Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (DISC-IV). Shaffer et al. (2000)	52 item self-report, 6 subscales analysed: Alcohol/drug use Angry-irritable Depressed-anxious Somatic complaints Suicide ideation Thought disturbance (only for male participants) Structured interview that covers psychiatric disorders (according to DSM-IV); anxiety disorders, mood disorders, behavioural disorders, substance use disorders and “other’ disorders (e.g. schizophrenia)	Nearly all participants met the criteria for at least one mental disorder Substance abuse and dependence disorders were highly prevalent Aggressive forms of conduct disorder were common and exposure to physical abuse
7	Stathis et al. (2008), Australia	Screen for mental health problems in an Australian adolescent forensic populations, secondly, to assess the usefulness of MAYSI-2 in providing a preliminary assessment of those needs and third, to explore the level of mental health problems in vulnerable populations within detention	10-17 yrs held in custody (n=402)	Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument Version 2 (MAYSI-2). Grisso & Barnum (2006)	52 items, 7 scales of mental health or behavioural problems: Alcohol/drug use Angry-irritable Depressed-anxious Somatic complaints Suicide ideation Thought disturbance (only for male participants) Traumatic experience	High levels of mental health problems and trauma