Table 3.
Predictors of disease severity and liver injury based on hepatic steatosis as defined by imaging alone
| Univariable | Multivariablea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logistic regressions | ||||
| Outcome | Odds ratio | P value | Odds ratio | P value |
| Death | 0.65 (0.29, 1.49) | 0.31 | 0.83 (0.31, 2.20) | 0.71 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 1.26 (0.64, 2.47) | 0.50 | 1.68 (0.76, 3.71) | 0.20 |
| Intubation | 2.53 (1.25, 5.12) | 0.01 | 2.75 (1.21, 6.25) | 0.02 |
| Dialysis | 1.54 (0.58, 4.11) | 0.38 | 1.89 (0.61, 5.86) | 0.27 |
| Vasopressor use | 2.83 (1.25, 6.40) | 0.01 | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 0.02 |
| ALT > 2x ULN | 2.28 (1.14, 4.55) | 0.02 | 3.36 (1.43, 7.87) | 0.01 |
| ALT > 5x ULN | 7.11 (1.97, 25.71) | 0.003 | 7.09 (1.73, 28.95) | 0.01 |
| Bilirubin > 2 mg/dL | 1.79 (0.55, 5.77) | 0.33 | 2.40 (0.61, 9.49) | 0.21 |
| Bilirubin > 4 mg/dL | 0.52 (0.05, 5.90) | 0.60 | 3.63 (0.12, 109.38) | 0.46 |
| Linear regression | ||||
| Outcome | Beta | P value | Beta | P value |
| WHO ordinal scale | 0.28 (− 0.35, 0.91) | 0.38 | 0.49 (− 0.23, 1.21) | 0.18 |
Bold values indicate statistically-significant association
ALT alanine aminotransferase, ICU intensive care unit, ULN upper limit of normal, defined as the greater of the patient’s prior baseline (if known), 19 U/L for women, or 30 U/L for men, WHO World Health Organization
aAdjusted for age, sex, race (white, black, or other), recent healthcare exposure (hospitalization or residence at an extended care facility or skilled nursing facility < 90 days before COVID-19 diagnosis), presence of hypertension, and presence of dyslipidemia