Table 2. Summary of the mean proportions of correct responses of the three lemur species in all tasks and scales of the PCTB.

			Ruffed lemurs					Ring-tailed lemurs					Mouse lemurs
	Trials	Chance	n	M	adj p	SD	95% CI	n	M	adj p	SD	95% CI	n	M	adj p	SD	95% CI
Physical domain
Space				46.8		8	51, 58		44.2		7	42. 47		50.8		7	47, 55
Spatial memory	6	33	13	53.9	0.017	23	42, 66	27	55.6	0.001	17	49, 62	15	66.7	0.004	18	58, 68
Object permanence	18	33	13	47.9	0.006	12	41, 55	27	38.3	0.112	15	32, 44	12	42.1	0.074	10	36, 48
Rotation	18	33	13	45.3	0.014	10	40, 51	26	41.0	0.002	9	37, 45	12	47.7	0.008	9	43, 53
Transposition	18	33	13	40.2	0.052	13	33, 47	27	42.2	0.001	11	38, 46	12	41.2	0.019	12	35, 48
Quantities				66.4		12	60, 73		58.5		11	54, 63		63.9		6	60, 68
Relative numbers	16	50	13	62.0	0.006	7	58, 66	27	60.4	0.007	10	57, 64	9	66.0	0.019	11	59, 73
Addition numbers	14	50	13	70.9	0.014	20	60, 82	26	60.2	0.003	13	55, 65	9	61.9	0.019	8	57, 67
Causality				51.0		7	47, 55		48.6		7	46, 51		44.0		4	42, 46
Noise	12	50	13	63.5	0.015	13	56, 71	27	59.3	0.002	10	55, 63	15	50.0	0.958	17	41, 59
Shape	12	50	13	76.9	0.006	15	69, 85	27	72.8	0.001	10	69, 77	15	70.6	0.004	12	65, 77
Tool use	1	–	13	0.0	-	-	-	27	3.7	–	19	−4, 11	15	0.0	–	–	-
Tool properties	30	50	13	63.6	0.013	12	57, 70	27	58.6	0.001	8	56, 62	15	55.6	0.040	9	51, 60
Social domain
Social learning	3	-	13	0.0	-	-	-	26	0.0		-	-	12	0.0		-	-
Communication				53.1		12	47, 60		49.6		11	46, 54		52.1		9	47, 57
Comprehension	18	50	13	70.9	0.006	10	66, 76	27	70.8	0.001	13	66, 76	13	65.4	0.008	11	59, 72
Pointing cups	8	50	13	53.9	0.220	9	49, 59	27	55.1	0.050	12	51, 59	15	68.3	0.008	16	60, 76
Attentional state	4	–	13	34.6	-	28	19, 50	26	21.2	–	22	13, 30	14	25.0	–	22	14, 36
Theory of mind				43.7		10	45, 57		56.8		18	50, 64		51.4		11	39, 49
Gaze following	9	20 (bl)	13	23.9	0.326	17	15, 33	27	30.0	0.340	33	18, 42	15	11.1	0.713	17	2, 20
Intentions	12	50	13	78.9	0.006	13	72, 86	27	83.6	0.001	15	78, 89	15	71.1	0.004	10	66, 76

Notes.

Numbers in boldface: Significant deviations from chance level (Wilcoxon tests).

Trials

number of trials per task

chance

chance-level for each task

n

number of participating individuals

M

means of performance

adj

adjusted p-values (Benjamini-Hochberg-corrections)

SD

standard deviation

CI

confidence interval

bl

baseline calculated from control condition